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Science 30 October 1998:
Vol. 282. no. 5390, pp. 938 - 941
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5390.938
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Reports

Binding of Hepatitis C Virus to CD81

Piero Pileri, * Yasushi Uematsu, * Susanna Campagnoli, Giuliano Galli, Fabiana Falugi, Roberto Petracca, Amy J. Weiner, Michael Houghton, Domenico Rosa, Guido Grandi, Sergio Abrignani dagger

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs in about 3 percent of the world's population and is a major cause of liver disease. HCV infection is also associated with cryoglobulinemia, a B lymphocyte proliferative disorder. Virus tropism is controversial, and the mechanisms of cell entry remain unknown. The HCV envelope protein E2 binds human CD81, a tetraspanin expressed on various cell types including hepatocytes and B lymphocytes. Binding of E2 was mapped to the major extracellular loop of CD81. Recombinant molecules containing this loop bound HCV and antibodies that neutralize HCV infection in vivo inhibited virus binding to CD81 in vitro.

P. Pileri, Y. Uematsu, S. Campagnoli, G. Galli, F. Falugi, R. Petracca, D. Rosa, G. Grandi, S. Abrignani, IRIS, Chiron, Siena 53100, Italy. A. J. Weiner and M. Houghton, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: abrignani{at}iris02.biocine.it

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A. M. Owsianka, J. M. Timms, A. W. Tarr, R. J. P. Brown, T. P. Hickling, A. Szwejk, K. Bienkowska-Szewczyk, B. J. Thomson, A. H. Patel, and J. K. Ball (2006)
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J. Virol. 80, 6964-6972
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EWI-2 and EWI-F Link the Tetraspanin Web to the Actin Cytoskeleton through Their Direct Association with Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin Proteins.
M. Sala-Valdes, A. Ursa, S. Charrin, E. Rubinstein, M. E. Hemler, F. Sanchez-Madrid, and M. Yanez-Mo (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 19665-19675
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High Density Lipoprotein Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus-neutralizing Antibodies by Stimulating Cell Entry via Activation of the Scavenger Receptor BI.
M. Dreux, T. Pietschmann, C. Granier, C. Voisset, S. Ricard-Blum, P.-E. Mangeot, Z. Keck, S. Foung, N. Vu-Dac, J. Dubuisson, et al. (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 18285-18295
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Expression of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR on Human Sinusoidal Endothelium: A Role for Capturing Hepatitis C Virus Particles.
W. K. Lai, P. J. Sun, J. Zhang, A. Jennings, P. F. Lalor, S. Hubscher, J. A. McKeating, and D. H. Adams (2006)
Am. J. Pathol. 169, 200-208
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Characterization of the early steps of hepatitis C virus infection by using luciferase reporter viruses..
G. Koutsoudakis, A. Kaul, E. Steinmann, S. Kallis, V. Lohmann, T. Pietschmann, and R. Bartenschlager (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 5308-5320
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Type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia as an oligo rather than a mono B-cell disorder: evidence from GeneScan and MALDI-TOF analyses.
V. De Re, S. De Vita, D. Sansonno, D. Gasparotto, M. P. Simula, F. A. Tucci, A. Marzotto, M. Fabris, A. Gloghini, A. Carbone, et al. (2006)
Rheumatology 45, 685-693
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Cholesterol contributes to the organization of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and to CD81-dependent infection by malaria sporozoites.
O. Silvie, S. Charrin, M. Billard, J.-F. Franetich, K. L. Clark, G.-J. van Gemert, R. W. Sauerwein, F. Dautry, C. Boucheix, D. Mazier, et al. (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 1992-2002
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Hepatitis C virus entry: potential receptors and their biological functions..
L. Cocquerel, C. Voisset, and J. Dubuisson (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 1075-1084
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Different domains of CD81 mediate distinct stages of hepatitis C virus pseudoparticle entry..
C. Bertaux and T. Dragic (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 4940-4948
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Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation.
F. Suarez, O. Lortholary, O. Hermine, and M. Lecuit (2006)
Blood 107, 3034-3044
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Building of the Tetraspanin Web: Distinct Structural Domains of CD81 Function in Different Cellular Compartments.
T. Shoham, R. Rajapaksa, C.-C. Kuo, J. Haimovich, and S. Levy (2006)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 1373-1385
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From the Cover: Production of infectious genotype 1a hepatitis C virus (Hutchinson strain) in cultured human hepatoma cells.
M. Yi, R. A. Villanueva, D. L. Thomas, T. Wakita, and S. M. Lemon (2006)
PNAS 103, 2310-2315
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Hepatitis C Virus Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression, Leading to Enhanced Production of Beta Interferon and Interleukin-6.
K. Machida, K. T. H. Cheng, V. M.-H. Sung, A. M. Levine, S. Foung, and M. M. C. Lai (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 866-874
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Human and mouse mast cells use the tetraspanin CD9 as an alternate interleukin-16 receptor.
J. C. Qi, J. Wang, S. Mandadi, K. Tanaka, B. D. Roufogalis, M. C. Madigan, K. Lai, F. Yan, B. H. Chong, R. L. Stevens, et al. (2006)
Blood 107, 135-142
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Activation of naive B lymphocytes via CD81, a pathogenetic mechanism for hepatitis C virus-associated B lymphocyte disorders.
D. Rosa, G. Saletti, E. De Gregorio, F. Zorat, C. Comar, U. D'Oro, S. Nuti, M. Houghton, V. Barnaba, G. Pozzato, et al. (2005)
PNAS 102, 18544-18549
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Basic Residues in Hypervariable Region 1 of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2 Contribute to Virus Entry.
N. Callens, Y. Ciczora, B. Bartosch, N. Vu-Dac, F.-L. Cosset, J.-M. Pawlotsky, F. Penin, and J. Dubuisson (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 15331-15341
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Robust Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) from Stably HCV cDNA-Transfected Human Hepatoma Cells.
Z. Cai, C. Zhang, K.-S. Chang, J. Jiang, B.-C. Ahn, T. Wakita, T. J. Liang, and G. Luo (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 13963-13973
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Association between Plasma Interleukin-18 Levels and Liver Injury in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
J. Vecchiet, K. Falasca, P. Cacciatore, P. Zingariello, M. Dalessandro, M. Marinopiccoli, E. D'Amico, C. Palazzi, C. Petrarca, P. Conti, et al. (2005)
Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 35, 415-422
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Analysis of the binding of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a and 1b E2 glycoproteins to peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets.
E. Yamada, M. Montoya, C. G. Schuettler, T. P. Hickling, A. W. Tarr, A. Vitelli, J. Dubuisson, A. H. Patel, J. K. Ball, and P. Borrow (2005)
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 2507-2512
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Tetraspanins in Viral Infections: a Fundamental Role in Viral Biology?.
F. Martin, D. M. Roth, D. A. Jans, C. W. Pouton, L. J. Partridge, P. N. Monk, and G. W. Moseley (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 10839-10851
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