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Science 23 October 1998:
Vol. 282. no. 5389, pp. 754 - 759
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5389.754
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Reports

Genome Sequence of an Obligate Intracellular Pathogen of Humans: Chlamydia trachomatis

Richard S. Stephens, * Sue Kalman, Claudia Lammel, Jun Fan, Rekha Marathe, L. Aravind, Wayne Mitchell, Lynn Olinger, Roman L. Tatusov, Qixun Zhao, Eugene V. Koonin, Ronald W. Davis

Analysis of the 1,042,519-base pair Chlamydia trachomatis genome revealed unexpected features related to the complex biology of chlamydiae. Although chlamydiae lack many biosynthetic capabilities, they retain functions for performing key steps and interconversions of metabolites obtained from their mammalian host cells. Numerous potential virulence-associated proteins also were characterized. Several eukaryotic chromatin-associated domain proteins were identified, suggesting a eukaryotic-like mechanism for chlamydial nucleoid condensation and decondensation. The phylogenetic mosaic of chlamydial genes, including a large number of genes with phylogenetic origins from eukaryotes, implies a complex evolution for adaptation to obligate intracellular parasitism.

R. S. Stephens, C. Lammel, W. Mitchell are with the Program in Infectious Diseases, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and the Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. S. Kalman, J. Fan, R. Marathe, R. W. Davis are at the DNA Sequencing and Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. L. Aravind, R. L. Tatusov, E. V. Koonin are at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. L. Olinger and Q. Zhao are with the Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ctgenome{at}socrates.berkeley.edu

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Innate Immunity 12, 205-223
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J. Bacteriol. 188, 5289-5292
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H. M. Al-Younes, J. Gussmann, P. R. Braun, V. Brinkmann, and T. F. Meyer (2006)
J. Med. Microbiol. 55, 879-886
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J. Biol. Chem. 281, 16691-16699
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J. C. Akers and M. Tan (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 4236-4243
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Infect. Immun. 74, 578-585
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polymorphisms in the Nine Polymorphic Membrane Proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis across All Serovars: Evidence for Serovar Da Recombination and Correlation with Tissue Tropism.
J. P. Gomes, A. Nunes, W. J. Bruno, M. J. Borrego, C. Florindo, and D. Dean (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 275-286
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Genome Sequence of the Cat Pathogen, Chlamydophila felis.
Y. Azuma, H. Hirakawa, A. Yamashita, Y. Cai, M. A. Rahman, H. Suzuki, S. Mitaku, H. Toh, S. Goto, T. Murakami, et al. (2006)
DNA Res 13, 15-23
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Chlamydial GroEL Autoregulates Its Own Expression through Direct Interactions with the HrcA Repressor Protein.
A. C. Wilson, C. C. Wu, J. R. Yates III, and M. Tan (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 7535-7542
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Type III Secretion: More Systems Than You Think.
P. Troisfontaines and G. R. Cornelis (2005)
Physiology 20, 326-339
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Oculotropic and Genitotropic Strains.
J. H. Carlson, S. F. Porcella, G. McClarty, and H. D. Caldwell (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 6407-6418
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Analysis of Putative Chlamydia trachomatis Chaperones Scc2 and Scc3 and Their Use in the Identification of Type III Secretion Substrates.
K. A. Fields, E. R. Fischer, D. J. Mead, and T. Hackstadt (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 6466-6478
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'Candidatus Protochlamydia amoebophila', an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba spp..
A. Collingro, E. R. Toenshoff, M. W. Taylor, T. R. Fritsche, M. Wagner, and M. Horn (2005)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1863-1866
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Expression of Canonical SOS Genes Is Not under LexA Repression in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.
S. Campoy, N. Salvador, P. Cortes, I. Erill, and J. Barbe (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 5367-5375
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Conserved indels in essential proteins that are distinctive characteristics of Chlamydiales and provide novel means for their identification.
E. Griffiths, A. K. Petrich, and R. S. Gupta (2005)
Microbiology 151, 2647-2657
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Frequency of Spontaneous Mutations That Confer Antibiotic Resistance in Chlamydia spp..
R. Binet and A. T. Maurelli (2005)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 2865-2873
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Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Chlamydial Effector Protein Tarp Is Species Specific and Not Required for Recruitment of Actin.
D. R. Clifton, C. A. Dooley, S. S. Grieshaber, R. A. Carabeo, K. A. Fields, and T. Hackstadt (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 3860-3868
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Effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae on Cellular ATP Content in Mouse Macrophages: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2.
K. Yaraei, L. A. Campbell, X. Zhu, W. C. Liles, C.-c. Kuo, and M. E. Rosenfeld (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 4323-4326
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Novel chlamydiae in whiteflies and scale insects: endosymbionts 'Candidatus Fritschea bemisiae' strain Falk and 'Candidatus Fritschea eriococci' strain Elm.
K. D. E. Everett, M. Thao, M. Horn, G. E. Dyszynski, and P. Baumann (2005)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1581-1587
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Comparative study of overlapping genes in bacteria, with special reference to Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia conorii.
K. R. Sakharkar, M. K. Sakharkar, C. Verma, and V. T. K. Chow (2005)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1205-1209
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Interrelationship between Polymorphisms of incA, Fusogenic Properties of Chlamydia trachomatis Strains, and Clinical Manifestations in Patients in The Netherlands.
Y. Pannekoek, J. Spaargaren, A. A. J. Langerak, J. Merks, S. A. Morre, and A. van der Ende (2005)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 2441-2443
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The Chlamydophila abortus genome sequence reveals an array of variable proteins that contribute to interspecies variation.
N. R. Thomson, C. Yeats, K. Bell, M. T.G. Holden, S. D. Bentley, M. Livingstone, A. M. Cerdeno-Tarraga, B. Harris, J. Doggett, D. Ormond, et al. (2005)
Genome Res. 15, 629-640
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