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Science 2 October 1998:
Vol. 282. no. 5386, pp. 115 - 117
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5386.115
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Reports

A Carrot Leucine-Rich-Repeat Protein That Inhibits Ice Recrystallization

Dawn Worrall, Luisa Elias, David Ashford, Maggie Smallwood, * Chris Sidebottom, Peter Lillford, Julia Telford, Chris Holt, Dianna Bowles

Many organisms adapted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that improve their tolerance to freezing. Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins interact with ice surfaces, depress the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions, and inhibit ice crystal growth. A protein purified from carrot shares these functional features with antifreeze proteins of fish. Expression of the carrot complementary DNA in tobacco resulted in the accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplast of plants grown at greenhouse temperatures. The sequence of carrot antifreeze protein is similar to that of polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins and contains leucine-rich repeats.

D. Worrall, L. Elias, D. Ashford, M. Smallwood, D. Bowles, The Plant Laboratory, Biology Department, University of York, Post Office Box 373, York, YO1 5YW, UK. C. Sidebottom, P. Lillford, J. Telford, C. Holt, Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 ILO, UK.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
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N. Pertaya, C. B. Marshall, Y. Celik, P. L. Davies, and I. Braslavsky (2008)
Biophys. J. 95, 333-341
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Characterization of Cold-Responsive Extracellular Chitinase in Bromegrass Cell Cultures and Its Relationship to Antifreeze Activity.
T. Nakamura, M. Ishikawa, H. Nakatani, and A. Oda (2008)
Plant Physiology 147, 391-401
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Fluorescence Microscopy Evidence for Quasi-Permanent Attachment of Antifreeze Proteins to Ice Surfaces.
N. Pertaya, C. B. Marshall, C. L. DiPrinzio, L. Wilen, E. S. Thomson, J. S. Wettlaufer, P. L. Davies, and I. Braslavsky (2007)
Biophys. J. 92, 3663-3673
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Additional freeze hardiness in wheat acquired by exposure to -3 {degrees}C is associated with extensive physiological, morphological, and molecular changes.
E. M. Herman, K. Rotter, R. Premakumar, G Elwinger, R. Bae, L. Ehler-King, S. Chen, and D. P. Livingston III (2006)
J. Exp. Bot. 57, 3601-3618
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Insight into the Binding of Antifreeze Proteins to Ice Surfaces via 13C Spin Lattice Relaxation Solid-State NMR.
Y. Mao and Y. Ba (2006)
Biophys. J. 91, 1059-1068
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Molecular Characterization and Origin of Novel Bipartite Cold-regulated Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Proteins from Cereals.
K. Tremblay, F. Ouellet, J. Fournier, J. Danyluk, and F. Sarhan (2005)
Plant Cell Physiol. 46, 884-891
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Structure-Function Analysis of Cf-9, a Receptor-Like Protein with Extracytoplasmic Leucine-Rich Repeats.
R. A.L. van der Hoorn, B. B.H. Wulff, S. Rivas, M. C. Durrant, A. van der Ploeg, P. J.G.M. de Wit, and J. D.G. Jones (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 1000-1015
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Demonstration of antifreeze protein activity in Antarctic lake bacteria.
J. A. Gilbert, P. J. Hill, C. E. R. Dodd, and J. Laybourn-Parry (2004)
Microbiology 150, 171-180
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The crystal structure of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), a leucine-rich repeat protein involved in plant defense.
A. Di Matteo, L. Federici, B. Mattei, G. Salvi, K. A. Johnson, C. Savino, G. De Lorenzo, D. Tsernoglou, and F. Cervone (2003)
PNAS 100, 10124-10128
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The role of side chain conformational flexibility in surface recognition by Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein.
M. E. Daley and B. D. Sykes (2003)
Protein Sci. 12, 1323-1331
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Tandemly Duplicated Arabidopsis Genes That Encode Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins Are Regulated Coordinately by Different Signal Transduction Pathways in Response to Fungal Infection.
S. Ferrari, D. Vairo, F. M. Ausubel, F. Cervone, and G. De Lorenzo (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 93-106
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Chitinase Genes Responsive to Cold Encode Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Cereals.
S. Yeh, B. A. Moffatt, M. Griffith, F. Xiong, D. S.C. Yang, S. B. Wiseman, F. Sarhan, J. Danyluk, Y. Q. Xue, C. L. Hew, et al. (2000)
Plant Physiology 124, 1251-1264
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Reexamining the Relationship between Fall Dormancy and Winter Hardiness in Alfalfa.
E.C. Brummer, M.M. Shah, and D. Luth (2000)
Crop Sci. 40, 971-977
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Snow-Mold-Induced Apoplastic Proteins in Winter Rye Leaves Lack Antifreeze Activity.
M. Hiilovaara-Teijo, A. Hannukkala, M. Griffith, X.-M. Yu, and K. Pihakaski-Maunsbach (1999)
Plant Physiology 121, 665-674
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NMR Analysis of Type III Antifreeze Protein Intramolecular Dimer. STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR ENHANCED ACTIVITY.
K. Miura, S. Ohgiya, T. Hoshino, N. Nemoto, T. Suetake, A. Miura, L. Spyracopoulos, H. Kondo, and S. Tsuda (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 1304-1310
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)