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Science 2 October 1998:
Vol. 282. no. 5386, pp. 115 - 117
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5386.115
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Reports

A Carrot Leucine-Rich-Repeat Protein That Inhibits Ice Recrystallization

Dawn Worrall, Luisa Elias, David Ashford, Maggie Smallwood, * Chris Sidebottom, Peter Lillford, Julia Telford, Chris Holt, Dianna Bowles

Many organisms adapted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that improve their tolerance to freezing. Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins interact with ice surfaces, depress the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions, and inhibit ice crystal growth. A protein purified from carrot shares these functional features with antifreeze proteins of fish. Expression of the carrot complementary DNA in tobacco resulted in the accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplast of plants grown at greenhouse temperatures. The sequence of carrot antifreeze protein is similar to that of polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins and contains leucine-rich repeats.

D. Worrall, L. Elias, D. Ashford, M. Smallwood, D. Bowles, The Plant Laboratory, Biology Department, University of York, Post Office Box 373, York, YO1 5YW, UK. C. Sidebottom, P. Lillford, J. Telford, C. Holt, Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 ILO, UK.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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