Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 28 August 1998:
Vol. 281. no. 5381, pp. 1312 - 1316
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5381.1312

Review

Caspases: Enemies Within

Nancy A. Thornberry, Yuri Lazebnik

REVIEW

Apoptosis, an evolutionarily conserved form of cell suicide, requires specialized machinery. The central component of this machinery is a proteolytic system involving a family of proteases called caspases. These enzymes participate in a cascade that is triggered in response to proapoptotic signals and culminates in cleavage of a set of proteins, resulting in disassembly of the cell. Understanding caspase regulation is intimately linked to the ability to rationally manipulate apoptosis for therapeutic gain.

N. A. Thornberry is in the Department of Biochemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, R80W-250, Post Office Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. Y. Lazebnik is at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.


Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
A New Model for the Transition of APAF-1 from Inactive Monomer to Caspase-activating Apoptosome.
T. F. Reubold, S. Wohlgemuth, and S. Eschenburg (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 32717-32724
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Nanomedicine Transports a Peptide Caspase-3 Inhibitor across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Provides Neuroprotection.
H. Karatas, Y. Aktas, Y. Gursoy-Ozdemir, E. Bodur, M. Yemisci, S. Caban, A. Vural, O. Pinarbasli, Y. Capan, E. Fernandez-Megia, et al. (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 13761-13769
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nitric oxides mediates a shift from early necrosis to late apoptosis in cytokine-treated {beta}-cells that is associated with irreversible DNA damage.
K. J. Hughes, K. T. Chambers, G. P. Meares, and J. A. Corbett (2009)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297, E1187-E1196
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ARTEMIS Nuclease Facilitates Apoptotic Chromatin Cleavage.
S. Britton, P. Frit, D. Biard, B. Salles, and P. Calsou (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 8120-8126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism of E7974, a novel analogue of the marine sponge natural product hemiasterlin.
G. Kuznetsov, K. TenDyke, M. J. Towle, H. Cheng, J. Liu, J. P. Marsh, S. E.R. Schiller, M. R. Spyvee, H. Yang, B. M. Seletsky, et al. (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 2852-2860
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cryopreservation-induced human sperm DNA damage is predominantly mediated by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis.
L.K. Thomson, S.D. Fleming, R.J. Aitken, G.N. De Iuliis, J.-A. Zieschang, and A.M. Clark (2009)
Hum. Reprod. 24, 2061-2070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) Regulates Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} (ER-{alpha}) Expression and Cell Apoptosis via Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells.
H.-L. CHANG, Y. SUGIMOTO, S. LIU, L.-S. WANG, Y.-W. HUANG, W. YE, and Y. C. LIN (2009)
Anticancer Res 29, 3195-3205
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes.
S Ghavami, M Hashemi, S R Ande, B Yeganeh, W Xiao, M Eshraghi, C J Bus, K Kadkhoda, E Wiechec, A J Halayko, et al. (2009)
J. Med. Genet. 46, 497-510
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Real-Time Detection of Caspase-3-Like Protease Activation in Vivo Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer during Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Ultraviolet C Overexposure.
L. Zhang, Q. Xu, D. Xing, C. Gao, and H. Xiong (2009)
Plant Physiology 150, 1773-1783
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Calcium Elevation in Mitochondria Is the Main Ca2+ Requirement for Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) Opening.
H. K. Baumgartner, J. V. Gerasimenko, C. Thorne, P. Ferdek, T. Pozzan, A. V. Tepikin, O. H. Petersen, R. Sutton, A. J. M. Watson, and O. V. Gerasimenko (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 20796-20803
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heat Shock Protein 60, via MyD88 Innate Signaling, Protects B Cells from Apoptosis, Spontaneous and Induced.
M. Cohen-Sfady, M. Pevsner-Fischer, R. Margalit, and I. R. Cohen (2009)
J. Immunol. 183, 890-896
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic expression profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes of pigs infected with highly virulent classical swine fever virus strain Shimen.
Z. Shi, J. Sun, H. Guo, and C. Tu (2009)
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 1670-1680
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Treatment of hepatitis C virus core-positive hepatocytes with the transfer of recombinant caspase-3 using the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene promoter.
Y. Wang, S. Mao, B. Li, P. Tan, D. Feng, and J. Wen (2009)
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 41, 554-560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CMTM3, Located at the Critical Tumor Suppressor Locus 16q22.1, Is Silenced by CpG Methylation in Carcinomas and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth through Inducing Apoptosis.
Y. Wang, J. Li, Y. Cui, T. Li, K. M. Ng, H. Geng, H. Li, X.-s. Shu, H. Li, W. Liu, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 5194-5201
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Marinobufagenin causes endothelial cell monolayer hyperpermeability by altering apoptotic signaling.
M. N. Uddin, D. Horvat, E. W. Childs, and J. B. Puschett (2009)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 296, R1726-R1734
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Absence of Caspase-3 Protects Pancreatic {beta}-Cells from c-Myc-induced Apoptosis without Leading to Tumor Formation.
A. Radziszewska, S. A. Schroer, D. Choi, P. Tajmir, N. Radulovich, J. C. Ho, L. Wang, N. Liadis, R. Hakem, M.-S. Tsao, et al. (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 10947-10956
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of ASC in the Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection.
B. N. Benoit, M. Kobayashi, M. Kawakubo, M. Takeoka, K. Sano, J. Zou, N. Itano, H. Tsutsui, T. Noda, M. Fukuda, et al. (2009)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 57, 327-338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-8 Is Involved in Neovascularization-Promoting Progenitor Cell Functions.
D. Scharner, L. Rossig, G. Carmona, E. Chavakis, C. Urbich, A. Fischer, T.-B. Kang, D. Wallach, Y. J. Chiang, Y. L. Deribe, et al. (2009)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29, 571-578
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The 27-kDa Heat Shock Protein Confers Cytoprotective Effects through a {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist-Initiated Complex with {beta}-Arrestin.
L. Rojanathammanee, E. B. Harmon, L. A. Grisanti, P. Govitrapong, M. Ebadi, B. D. Grove, M. Miyagi, and J. E. Porter (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 855-865
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-independent type III programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the key role of the F-actin cytoskeleton.
S. Barbier, L. Chatre, M. Bras, P. Sancho, G. Roue, C. Virely, V. J. Yuste, S. Baudet, M. Rubio, J. E. Esquerda, et al. (2009)
Haematologica 94, 507-517
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PHAPI/pp32 Suppresses Tumorigenesis by Stimulating Apoptosis.
W. Pan, L. S. da Graca, Y. Shao, Q. Yin, H. Wu, and X. Jiang (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 6946-6954
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antiangiogenic and Proapoptotic Activities of Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Ascites Tumor Growth in Vivo.
A. Kumar, S. S. D'Souza, S. Tickoo, B. P. Salimath, and H.B. Singh (2009)
Integr Cancer Ther 8, 75-87
   Abstract »    PDF »
Rhein Induced Apoptosis through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase- and Mitochondria-dependent Pathways in SCC-4 Human Tongue Squamous Cancer Cells.
W.-W. LAI, J.-S. YANG, K.-C. LAI, C.-L. KUO, C.-K. HSU, C.-K. WANG, C.-Y. CHANG, J.-J. LIN, N.-Y. TANG, P.-Y. CHEN, et al. (2009)
In Vivo 23, 309-316
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 Interaction with p300 and SIRT1 Regulates {beta}-Catenin Signaling and NF{kappa}B-specific Transcription Activity Leading to MDR1 and Bcl-xL Gene Expression and Chemoresistance in Breast Tumor Cells.
L. Y. W. Bourguignon, W. Xia, and G. Wong (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 2657-2671
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Enantiomeric Bile Acid-induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cell Lines.
B. W. Katona, S. Anant, D. F. Covey, and W. F. Stenson (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 3354-3364
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CXCR4-gp120-IIIB interactions induce caspase-mediated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth.
S. Singh, V. C. Bond, M. Powell, U. P. Singh, H. L. Bumpers, W. E. Grizzle, and J. W. Lillard Jr. (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 178-184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells by Grape Seed Extract Occurs via Activation of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase.
N. Gao, A. Budhraja, S. Cheng, H. Yao, Z. Zhang, and X. Shi (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 140-149
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toll-like receptor signaling: a critical modulator of cell survival and ischemic injury in the heart.
W. Chao (2009)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296, H1-H12
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Darbepoetin-{alpha} prevents progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in nonanemic dogs with heart failure.
S. Rastogi, M. Imai, V. G. Sharov, S. Mishra, and H. N. Sabbah (2008)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295, H2475-H2482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lipid mediators in innate immunity against tuberculosis: opposing roles of PGE2 and LXA4 in the induction of macrophage death.
M. Chen, M. Divangahi, H. Gan, D. S.J. Shin, S. Hong, D. M. Lee, C. N. Serhan, S. M. Behar, and H. G. Remold (2008)
J. Exp. Med. 205, 2791-2801
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ronin and Caspases in Embryonic Stem Cells: A New Perspective on Regulation of the Pluripotent State.
T.P. Zwaka (2008)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
   Abstract »    PDF »
The BH3-only protein Bik/Blk/Nbk inhibits nuclear translocation of activated ERK1/2 to mediate IFN{gamma}-induced cell death.
Y. A. Mebratu, B. F. Dickey, C. Evans, and Y. Tesfaigzi (2008)
J. Cell Biol. 183, 429-439
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Factor To Upregulate the Death-Specific Protein in a Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum, during Blockage of Electron Flow in Photosynthesis.
C.-C. Chung, S.-P. L. Hwang, and J. Chang (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 6521-6527
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vitamin A depletion causes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PARP-1-dependent energy deprivation.
H.-J. Chiu, D. A. Fischman, and U. Hammerling (2008)
FASEB J 22, 3878-3887
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione Derivatives Inactivate Caspase-3 by Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species.
J.-Q. Du, J. Wu, H.-J. Zhang, Y.-H. Zhang, B.-Y. Qiu, F. Wu, Y.-H. Chen, J.-Y. Li, F.-J. Nan, J.-P. Ding, et al. (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 30205-30215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Methylseleninic acid synergizes with tamoxifen to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Z. Li, L. Carrier, and B. G. Rowan (2008)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 3056-3063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}2-Microglobulin Signaling Blockade Inhibited Androgen Receptor Axis and Caused Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.
W.-C. Huang, J. J. Havel, H. E. Zhau, W. P. Qian, H.-W. Lue, C.-Y. Chu, T. Nomura, and L. W.K. Chung (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 5341-5347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of {beta}-N-Acetylglucosaminidase Cleavage by Caspase-3 during Apoptosis.
C. Butkinaree, W. D. Cheung, S. Park, K. Park, M. Barber, and G. W. Hart (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 23557-23566
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Diterpene Suppresses CWR22Rv1 Tumor Growth In vivo through Antiproliferation and Proapoptosis.
F.-M. Lin, C.-H. Tsai, Y.-C. Yang, W.-C. Tu, L.-R. Chen, Y.-S. Liang, S.-Y. Wang, L.-F. Shyur, S.-C. Chien, T.-L. Cha, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 6634-6642
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of apoptosis by XIAP ubiquitin-ligase activity.
A. J. Schile, M. Garcia-Fernandez, and H. Steller (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 2256-2266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rapid NKT Cell Responses Are Self-Terminating during the Course of Microbial Infection.
A. Chiba, C. C. Dascher, G. S. Besra, and M. B. Brenner (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 2292-2302
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional analysis of the putative antiapoptotic genes, p49 and iap4, of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus with RNAi.
Q. Yu, T. Lin, G. Feng, K. Yang, and Y. Pang (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1873-1880
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anti-Apoptotic Roles of Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha in Bovine Luteal Steroidogenic Cells.
A. Bowolaksono, R. Nishimura, T. Hojo, R. Sakumoto, T. J. Acosta, and K. Okuda (2008)
Biol Reprod 79, 310-317
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation of Murine Caspase-9 by the Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Its Cleavage by Caspase-8.
M. A. McDonnell, Md. J. Abedin, M. Melendez, T. N. Platikanova, J. R. Ecklund, K. Ahmed, and A. Kelekar (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 20149-20158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aging Impairs the Unfolded Protein Response to Sleep Deprivation and Leads to Proapoptotic Signaling.
N. Naidoo, M. Ferber, M. Master, Y. Zhu, and A. I. Pack (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 6539-6548
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Extensive apoptosis and abnormal morphogenesis in pro-caspase-3 transgenic zebrafish during development.
M. Yamashita, N. Mizusawa, M. Hojo, and T. Yabu (2008)
J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1874-1881
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Possible involvement of caspase-7 in cell cycle progression at mitosis..
T. Hashimoto, L. Yamauchi, T. Hunter, U. Kikkawa, and S. Kamada (2008)
Genes Cells 13, 609-621
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bortezomib (Velcade) Induces p27Kip1 Expression through S-Phase Kinase Protein 2 Degradation in Colorectal Cancer.
S. Uddin, M. Ahmed, P. Bavi, R. El-Sayed, N. Al-Sanea, A. AbdulJabbar, L. H. Ashari, S. Alhomoud, F. Al-Dayel, A. R. Hussain, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 3379-3388
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of protein kinase C modulation by PEP005, a novel ingenol angelate, on mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in cancer cells.
M. Serova, A. Ghoul, K. A. Benhadji, S. Faivre, C. Le Tourneau, E. Cvitkovic, F. Lokiec, J. Lord, S. M. Ogbourne, F. Calvo, et al. (2008)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 915-922
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Light deprivation damages monoamine neurons and produces a depressive behavioral phenotype in rats.
M. M. C. Gonzalez and G. Aston-Jones (2008)
PNAS 105, 4898-4903
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Control of Bacterial Death and Lysis.
K. C. Rice and K. W. Bayles (2008)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72, 85-109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Granulosa Cell Survival and Proliferation Are Altered in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
M. Das, O. Djahanbakhch, B. Hacihanefioglu, E. Saridogan, M. Ikram, L. Ghali, M. Raveendran, and A. Storey (2008)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 881-887
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Induces Apoptosis through Multiple Mechanisms and Displays Synergy with Inhibition of Other Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Enzymes.
A. Dudakovic, A. J. Wiemer, K. M. Lamb, L. A. Vonnahme, S. E. Dietz, and R. J. Hohl (2008)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 324, 1028-1036
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hypoxia Promotes Luteal Cell Death in Bovine Corpus Luteum.
R. Nishimura, J. Komiyama, Y. Tasaki, T. J. Acosta, and K. Okuda (2008)
Biol Reprod 78, 529-536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of Microglia-Mediated Neurotoxicity in a New Model of the Stroke Penumbra.
V. Kaushal and L. C. Schlichter (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 2221-2230
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Iron Starvation and Culture Age Activate Metacaspases and Programmed Cell Death in the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
K. D. Bidle and S. J. Bender (2008)
Eukaryot. Cell 7, 223-236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Pathogenesis of Shigella spp.: Controlling Host Cell Signaling, Invasion, and Death by Type III Secretion.
G. N. Schroeder and H. Hilbi (2008)
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21, 134-156
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Is a Target for Ubiquitination through Interaction with XIAP.
J. C. Wilkinson, A. S. Wilkinson, S. Galban, R. A. Csomos, and C. S. Duckett (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 237-247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estrogen Suppresses Uterine Epithelial Apoptosis by Inducing Birc1 Expression.
Y. Yin, W.-W. Huang, C. Lin, H. Chen, A. MacKenzie, and L. Ma (2008)
Mol. Endocrinol. 22, 113-125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular mechanism of black tea polyphenols induced apoptosis in human skin cancer cells: involvement of Bax translocation and mitochondria mediated death cascade.
B. Halder, U. Bhattacharya, S. Mukhopadhyay, and A. K. Giri (2008)
Carcinogenesis 29, 129-138
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human papillomaviruses activate caspases upon epithelial differentiation to induce viral genome amplification.
C. A. Moody, A. Fradet-Turcotte, J. Archambault, and L. A. Laimins (2007)
PNAS 104, 19541-19546
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C/EBP phosphorylation rescues macrophage dysfunction and apoptosis induced by anthrax lethal toxin.
M. Buck and M. Chojkier (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293, C1788-C1796
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Geranylgeranylation but Not GTP Loading Determines Rho Migratory Function in T Cells.
S. Waiczies, I. Bendix, T. Prozorovski, M. Ratner, I. Nazarenko, C. F. Pfueller, A. U. Brandt, J. Herz, S. Brocke, O. Ullrich, et al. (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 6024-6032
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis through both mitochondrial and Fas (Cd95) signaling in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells.
A. M. Gillenwater, M. Zhong, and R. Lotan (2007)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 2967-2975
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Dimeric Smac/Diablo Peptide Directly Relieves Caspase-3 Inhibition by XIAP: DYNAMIC AND COOPERATIVE REGULATION OF XIAP BY SMAC/DIABLO.
Z. Gao, Y. Tian, J. Wang, Q. Yin, H. Wu, Y.-M. Li, and X. Jiang (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 30718-30727
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fowlpox Virus Encodes a Bcl-2 Homologue That Protects Cells from Apoptotic Death through Interaction with the Proapoptotic Protein Bak.
L. Banadyga, J. Gerig, T. Stewart, and M. Barry (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 11032-11045
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Carboxyl-terminal Proteolytic Processing of CUX1 by a Caspase Enables Transcriptional Activation in Proliferating Cells.
M. Truscott, J.-B. Denault, B. Goulet, L. Leduy, G. S. Salvesen, and A. Nepveu (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 30216-30226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of caspases in cleavage of lamin A/C and PARP during apoptosis in macrophages infected with a periodontopathic bacterium.
T. Okinaga, H. Kasai, T. Tsujisawa, and T. Nishihara (2007)
J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 1399-1404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acetyl derivative of quercetin 3-methyl ether-induced cell death in human leukemia cells is amplified by the inhibition of ERK.
S. Rubio, J. Quintana, J. L. Eiroa, J. Triana, and F. Estevez (2007)
Carcinogenesis 28, 2105-2113
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Progranulin Mediates Caspase-Dependent Cleavage of TAR DNA Binding Protein-43.
Y.-J. Zhang, Y.-f. Xu, C. A. Dickey, E. Buratti, F. Baralle, R. Bailey, S. Pickering-Brown, D. Dickson, and L. Petrucelli (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 10530-10534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-dependent Cleavage Disrupts the ERK Cascade Scaffolding Function of KSR1.
M. M. McKay and D. K. Morrison (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 26225-26234
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neutrophils in acidotic haemodialysed patients have lower intracellular pH and inflamed state.
J. G. Wann, Y.-H. Hsu, C.-C. Yang, C.-S. Lin, D. W. Tai, J.-S. Chen, C.-W. Hsiao, and C.-F. Chen (2007)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 22, 2613-2622
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases myofiber formation in vitro.
K. Nakanishi, N. Dohmae, and N. Morishima (2007)
FASEB J 21, 2994-3003
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Binding of Caspase-3 Prodomain to Heat Shock Protein 27 Regulates Monocyte Apoptosis by Inhibiting Caspase-3 Proteolytic Activation.
O. H. Voss, S. Batra, S. J. Kolattukudy, M. E. Gonzalez-Mejia, J. B. Smith, and A. I. Doseff (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 25088-25099
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway by MST1 Is Essential and Sufficient for the Induction of Chromatin Condensation during Apoptosis.
S. Ura, H. Nishina, Y. Gotoh, and T. Katada (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 5514-5522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptor corepressor misfolding in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells with genistein.
A. P. P. Ng, D. S. Nin, J. H. Fong, D. Venkataraman, C.-S. Chen, and M. Khan (2007)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 2240-2248
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics.
C. Dezfulian, N. Raat, S. Shiva, and M. T. Gladwin (2007)
Cardiovasc Res 75, 327-338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isosilybin B and isosilybin A inhibit growth, induce G1 arrest and cause apoptosis in human prostate cancer LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells.
G. Deep, N. H. Oberlies, D. J. Kroll, and R. Agarwal (2007)
Carcinogenesis 28, 1533-1542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is independent of the intrinsic pathway and dependent on cathepsins.
H. K. Baumgartner, J. V. Gerasimenko, C. Thorne, L. H. Ashurst, S. L. Barrow, M. A. Chvanov, S. Gillies, D. N. Criddle, A. V. Tepikin, O. H. Petersen, et al. (2007)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 293, G296-G307
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Darbepoetin alfa, a long-acting erythropoietin analog, offers novel and delayed cardioprotection for the ischemic heart.
E. Gao, M. Boucher, J. K. Chuprun, R.-H. Zhou, A. D. Eckhart, and W. J. Koch (2007)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293, H60-H68
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
S. Yang, L. Lin, J.-X. Chen, C. R. Lee, J. M. Seubert, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Z.-R. Chao, D.-D. Tao, J.-P. Gong, et al. (2007)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293, H142-H151
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
STAT1 Activation Causes Translocation of Bax to the Endoplasmic Reticulum during the Resolution of Airway Mucous Cell Hyperplasia by IFN-{gamma}.
B. A. Stout, K. Melendez, J. Seagrave, M. J. Holtzman, B. Wilson, J. Xiang, and Y. Tesfaigzi (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 8107-8116
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration.
O. Perche, M. Doly, and I. Ranchon-Cole (2007)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48, 2753-2759
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Knockdown of Actin and Caspase Gene Expression by RNA Interference in the Symbiotic Anemone Aiptasia pallida.
S. R. Dunn, W. S. Phillips, D. R. Green, and V. M. Weis (2007)
Biol. Bull. 212, 250-258
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Specific Amino Acid Dependency Regulates the Cellular Behavior of Melanoma.
Y.-M. Fu and G. G. Meadows (2007)
J. Nutr. 137, 1591S-1596S
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptotic signaling induces hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock.
E. W. Childs, B. Tharakan, F. A. Hunter, J. H. Tinsley, and X. Cao (2007)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292, H3179-H3189
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Photodynamic molecular beacon as an activatable photosensitizer based on protease-controlled singlet oxygen quenching and activation.
G. Zheng, J. Chen, K. Stefflova, M. Jarvi, H. Li, and B. C. Wilson (2007)
PNAS 104, 8989-8994
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-9 regulates apoptosis/proliferation balance during metamorphic brain remodeling in Xenopus.
L. Coen, K. Le Blay, I. Rowe, and B. A. Demeneix (2007)
PNAS 104, 8502-8507
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nab controls the activity of the zinc-finger transcription factors Squeeze and Rotund in Drosophila development.
J. T. Felix, M. Magarinos, and F. J. Diaz-Benjumea (2007)
Development 134, 1845-1852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reduced Photoreceptor Damage after Photodynamic Therapy through Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Model of Choroidal Neovascularization.
H. She, T. Nakazawa, A. Matsubara, T. Hisatomi, T. A. Young, N. Michaud, E. Connolly, A. Hafezi-Moghadam, E. S. Gragoudas, and J. W. Miller (2007)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48, 2268-2277
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Divergent Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Experimental Models of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
P. S. Bachmann, R. Gorman, R. A. Papa, J. E. Bardell, J. Ford, U. R. Kees, G. M. Marshall, and R. B. Lock (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 4482-4490
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein regulates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
K. M.A. Rogers, M. Thomas, L. Galligan, T. R. Wilson, W. L. Allen, H. Sakai, P. G. Johnston, and D. B. Longley (2007)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 1544-1551
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by diallyl trisulfide in human prostate cancer cells is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species and regulated by Bax/Bak.
Y.-A. Kim, D. Xiao, H. Xiao, A. A. Powolny, K. L. Lew, M. L. Reilly, Y. Zeng, Z. Wang, and S. V. Singh (2007)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 1599-1609
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase activity during cell stasis: avoidance of apoptosis in an invertebrate extremophile, Artemia franciscana.
M. A. Menze and S. C. Hand (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R2039-R2047
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)