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Science 28 August 1998:
Vol. 281. no. 5381, pp. 1309 - 1312
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5381.1309
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Review

Mitochondria and Apoptosis

Douglas R. Green and John C. Reed

REVIEW

A variety of key events in apoptosis focus on mitochondria, including the release of caspase activators (such as cytochrome c), changes in electron transport, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, altered cellular oxidation-reduction, and participation of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The different signals that converge on mitochondria to trigger or inhibit these events and their downstream effects delineate several major pathways in physiological cell death.

D. R. Green is at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. J. C. Reed is at the Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

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Programmed cell death in plants: distinguishing between different modes.
T. J. Reape, E. M. Molony, and P. F. McCabe (2008)
J. Exp. Bot.
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The hypersensitive response; the centenary is upon us but how much do we know?.
L. A. J. Mur, P. Kenton, A. J. Lloyd, H. Ougham, and E. Prats (2008)
J. Exp. Bot. 59, 501-520
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Kinetic Model for Ca2+-induced Permeability Transition in Energized Liver Mitochondria Discriminates between Inhibitor Mechanisms.
S. V. Baranov, I. G. Stavrovskaya, A. M. Brown, A. M. Tyryshkin, and B. S. Kristal (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 665-676
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Pivotal Role of the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in Apoptosis and Autophagy.
K. Fujiwara, S. Daido, A. Yamamoto, R. Kobayashi, T. Yokoyama, H. Aoki, E. Iwado, N. Shinojima, Y. Kondo, and S. Kondo (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 388-397
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The Role of Mitochondrial and Oxidative Injury in BDE 47 Toxicity to Human Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Stem Cells.
J. Shao, C. C. White, M. J. Dabrowski, T. J. Kavanagh, M. L. Eckert, and E. P. Gallagher (2008)
Toxicol. Sci. 101, 81-90
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Molecular mechanism of black tea polyphenols induced apoptosis in human skin cancer cells: involvement of Bax translocation and mitochondria mediated death cascade.
B. Halder, U. Bhattacharya, S. Mukhopadhyay, and A. K. Giri (2008)
Carcinogenesis 29, 129-138
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Peroxide Is a Key Mediator of Bcl-2 Down-Regulation and Apoptosis Induction by Cisplatin in Human Lung Cancer Cells.
L. Wang, P. Chanvorachote, D. Toledo, C. Stehlik, R. R. Mercer, V. Castranova, and Y. Rojanasakul (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 119-127
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Exercise enhances myocardial ischemic tolerance via an opioid receptor-dependent mechanism.
E. W. Dickson, C. P. Hogrefe, P. S. Ludwig, L. W. Ackermann, L. L. Stoll, and G. M. Denning (2008)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294, H402-H408
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ARMS Depletion Facilitates UV Irradiation Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Melanoma.
Y.-H. Liao, S.-M. Hsu, and P.-H. Huang (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 11547-11556
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Effects of Organ Culture and Optisol-GS Storage on Structural Integrity, Phenotypes, and Apoptosis in Cultured Corneal Epithelium.
S. Raeder, T. P. Utheim, O. A. Utheim, B. Nicolaissen, B. Roald, Y. Cai, K. Haug, A. Kvalheim, E. B. Messelt, L. Drolsum, et al. (2007)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48, 5484-5493
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Sublethal concentrations of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) alter mitochondrial ultrastructure and function without reducing mitochondrial DNA content in BxPC-3 human pancreatic carcinoma cells.
T. Yeo, J Kintner, R Armand, R Perez, and L. Lewis (2007)
Human and Experimental Toxicology 26, 911-921
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Cellular Defense Mechanisms against Benzo[a]pyrene in Testicular Leydig Cells: Implications of p53, Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor, and Cytochrome P450 1A1 Status.
J.-Y. Chung, J. Y. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, S. J. Jung, J.-E. Park, S. G. Lee, J. T. Kim, S. Oh, C. J. Lee, Y.-D. Yoon, et al. (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 6134-6144
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