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Science 17 July 1998:
Vol. 281. no. 5375, pp. 375 - 388
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5375.375
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Research Articles

Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete

Claire M. Fraser, * Steven J. Norris, George M. Weinstock, Owen White, Granger G. Sutton, Robert Dodson, Michelle Gwinn, Erin K. Hickey, Rebecca Clayton, Karen A. Ketchum, Erica Sodergren, John M. Hardham, Michael P. McLeod, Steven Salzberg, Jeremy Peterson, Hanif Khalak, Delwood Richardson, Jerrilyn K. Howell, Monjula Chidambaram, Teresa Utterback, Lisa McDonald, Patricia Artiach, Cheryl Bowman, Matthew D. Cotton, Claire Fujii, Stacey Garland, Bonnie Hatch, Kurt Horst, Kevin Roberts, Mina Sandusky, Janice Weidman, Hamilton O. Smith, J. Craig Venter

The complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum was determined and shown to be 1,138,006 base pairs containing 1041 predicted coding sequences (open reading frames). Systems for DNA replication, transcription, translation, and repair are intact, but catabolic and biosynthetic activities are minimized. The number of identifiable transporters is small, and no phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase carbohydrate transporters were found. Potential virulence factors include a family of 12 potential membrane proteins and several putative hemolysins. Comparison of the T. pallidum genome sequence with that of another pathogenic spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, identified unique and common genes and substantiates the considerable diversity observed among pathogenic spirochetes.

C. M. Fraser, O. White, G. G. Sutton, R. Dodson, M. Gwinn, E. K. Hickey, R. Clayton, K. A. Ketchum, S. Salzberg, J. Peterson, H. Khalak, D. Richardson, T. Utterback, L. McDonald, P. Artiach, C. Bowman, M. D. Cotton, C. Fujii, S. Garland, B. Hatch, K. Horst, K. Roberts, M. Sandusky, J. Weidman, H. O. Smith, and J. C. Venter are with The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. S. J. Norris, G. M. Weinstock, E. Sodergren, J. M. Hardham, M. P. McLeod, J. K. Howell, and M. Chidambaram are at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and the Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Post Office Box 20708, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tpdb{at}tigr.org

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