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Science 26 June 1998:
Vol. 280. no. 5372, pp. 2129 - 2132
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5372.2129
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Reports

Insecticidal Toxins from the Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens

David Bowen, Thomas A. Rocheleau, Michael Blackburn, Olga Andreev, Elena Golubeva, Rohit Bhartia, Richard H. ffrench-Constant *

Transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are currently being deployed for insect control. In response to concerns about Bt resistance, we investigated a toxin secreted by a different bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, which lives in the gut of entomophagous nematodes. In insects infected by the nematode, the bacteria are released into the insect hemocoel; the insect dies and the nematodes and bacteria replicate in the cadaver. The toxin consists of a series of four native complexes encoded by toxin complex loci tca, tcb, tcc, and tcd. Both tca and tcd encode complexes with high oral toxicity to Manduca sexta and therefore they represent potential alternatives to Bt for transgenic deployment.

Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ffrench{at}vms2.macc.wisc.edu

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flhDC, the Flagellar Master Operon of Xenorhabdus nematophilus: Requirement for Motility, Lipolysis, Extracellular Hemolysis, and Full Virulence in Insects.
A. Givaudan and A. Lanois (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 107-115
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Photorhabdus luminescens W-14 Insecticidal Activity Consists of at Least Two Similar but Distinct Proteins. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXIN A AND TOXIN B.
L. Guo, R. O. Fatig III, G. L. Orr, B. W. Schafer, J. A. Strickland, K. Sukhapinda, A. T. Woodsworth, and J. K. Petell (1999)
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