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Science 1 May 1998:
Vol. 280. no. 5364, pp. 747 - 749
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5364.747
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Reports

Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance

Cameron S. Carter, * Todd S. Braver, Deanna M. Barch, Matthew M. Botvinick, Douglas Noll, Jonathan D. Cohen

An unresolved question in neuroscience and psychology is how the brain monitors performance to regulate behavior. It has been proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobe, contributes to performance monitoring by detecting errors. In this study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine ACC function. Results confirm that this region shows activity during erroneous responses. However, activity was also observed in the same region during correct responses under conditions of increased response competition. This suggests that the ACC detects conditions under which errors are likely to occur rather than errors themselves.

C. S. Carter, T. S. Braver, D. M. Barch, M. M. Botvinick, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
D. Noll, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Presbyterian University Hospital, B-804, University of Pittsburgh Health System, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
J. D. Cohen, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, and Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cscarter+@pitt.edu

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