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Science 10 April 1998:
Vol. 280. no. 5361, pp. 248 - 253
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5361.248
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Articles

Viral Strategies of Immune Evasion

Hidde L. Ploegh

The vertebrate body is an ideal breeding ground for viruses and provides the conditions that promote their growth, survival, and transmission. The immune system evolved and deals with this challenge. Mutually assured destruction is not a viable evolutionary strategy; thus, the study of host-virus interactions provides not only a glimpse of life at immunity's edge, but it has also illuminated essential functions of the immune system, in particular, the area of major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation.

The author is in the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: ploegh{at}hms.harvard.edu

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Gene Expression Profile of Herpesvirus-Infected T Cells Obtained Using Immunomicroarrays: Induction of Proinflammatory Mechanisms.
M. Mayne, C. Cheadle, S. S. Soldan, C. Cermelli, Y. Yamano, N. Akhyani, J. E. Nagel, D. D. Taub, K. G. Becker, and S. Jacobson (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 11641-11650
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Role of CD8+ Lymphocytes in Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Resistance to Rechallenge after Transient Early Antiretroviral Treatment.
J. D. Lifson, J. L. Rossio, M. Piatak Jr., T. Parks, L. Li, R. Kiser, V. Coalter, B. Fisher, B. M. Flynn, S. Czajak, et al. (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 10187-10199
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Efficient Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Down-Regulation by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Nef Is Associated with a Strong Selective Advantage in Infected Rhesus Macaques.
J. Munch, N. Stolte, D. Fuchs, C. Stahl-Hennig, and F. Kirchhoff (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 10532-10536
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Human cytomegalovirus binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface and/or entry stimulates the expression of human leukocyte antigen class I.
B. H. Song, G. C. Lee, M. S. Moon, Y. H. Cho, and C. H. Lee (2001)
J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2405-2413
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The UL41-encoded virion host shutoff (vhs) protein and vhs-independent mechanisms are responsible for down-regulation of MHC class I molecules by bovine herpesvirus 1.
D. Koppers-Lalic, F. A. M. Rijsewijk, S. B. E. Verschuren, J. A. M. van Gaans-van den Brink, A. Neisig, M. E. Ressing, J. Neefjes, and E. J. H. J. Wiertz (2001)
J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2071-2081
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Ex Vivo Stimulation and Expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Human Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Blood Donors by Using a Soluble Recombinant Chimeric Protein, IE1-pp65.
J. Vaz-Santiago, J. Lule, P. Rohrlich, C. Jacquier, N. Gibert, E. Le Roy, D. Betbeder, J.-L. Davignon, and C. Davrinche (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 7840-7847
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Differentiation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy and immunosuppressed virus carriers.
L. E. Gamadia, R. J. Rentenaar, P. A. Baars, E. B. M. Remmerswaal, S. Surachno, J. F. L. Weel, M. Toebes, T. N. M. Schumacher, I. J. M. ten Berge, and R. A. W. van Lier (2001)
Blood 98, 754-761
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Free Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Heavy Chain Is Preferentially Targeted for Degradation by Human T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 p12I Protein.
J. M. Johnson, C. Nicot, J. Fullen, V. Ciminale, L. Casareto, J. C. Mulloy, S. Jacobson, and G. Franchini (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 6086-6094
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Modulation of Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)-Mediated Peptide Import into the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Flavivirus Infection.
F. Momburg, A. Müllbacher, and M. Lobigs (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 5663-5671
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Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Inhibits Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Apoptosis and Interferon Synthesis.
M. Schweizer and E. Peterhans (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 4692-4698
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Varicella-Zoster Virus Retains Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Proteins in the Golgi Compartment of Infected Cells.
A. Abendroth, I. Lin, B. Slobedman, H. Ploegh, and A. M. Arvin (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 4878-4888
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Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are down-regulated at the cell surface by the K5 protein encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8.
M. Haque, K. Ueda, K. Nakano, Y. Hirata, C. Parravicini, M. Corbellino, and K. Yamanishi (2001)
J. Gen. Virol. 82, 1175-1180
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Y2, the Smallest of the Sendai Virus C Proteins, Is Fully Capable of both Counteracting the Antiviral Action of Interferons and Inhibiting Viral RNA Synthesis.
A. Kato, Y. Ohnishi, M. Kohase, S. Saito, M. Tashiro, and Y. Nagai (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 3802-3810
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Vaccinia Virus Blocks Gamma Interferon Signal Transduction: Viral VH1 Phosphatase Reverses Stat1 Activation.
P. Najarro, P. Traktman, and J. A. Lewis (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 3185-3196
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Cytomegalovirus in Renal Transplantation.
D. C. BRENNAN (2001)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12, 848-855
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CD8 CTL from Genital Herpes Simplex Lesions: Recognition of Viral Tegument and Immediate Early Proteins and Lysis of Infected Cutaneous Cells.
D. M. Koelle, H. B. Chen, M. A. Gavin, A. Wald, W. W. Kwok, and L. Corey (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 4049-4058
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Functional Impairment of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells during the Chronic Phase of Infection.
T. U. Vogel, T. M. Allen, J. D. Altman, and D. I. Watkins (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 2458-2461
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Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Inhibits Gamma Interferon-Induced Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression Directly and by Inducing Alpha/Beta Interferon.
J. Gao, B. P. De, Y. Han, S. Choudhary, R. Ransohoff, and A. K. Banerjee (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 1124-1131
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