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Science 13 March 1998:
Vol. 279. no. 5357, pp. 1718 - 1722
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5357.1718
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Reports

Activation of the OxyR Transcription Factor by Reversible Disulfide Bond Formation

Ming Zheng, Fredrik Åslund, Gisela Storz *

The OxyR transcription factor is sensitive to oxidation and activates the expression of antioxidant genes in response to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed that OxyR is activated through the formation of a disulfide bond and is deactivated by enzymatic reduction with glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The gene encoding Grx1 is regulated by OxyR, thus providing a mechanism for autoregulation. The redox potential of OxyR was determined to be -185 millivolts, ensuring that OxyR is reduced in the absence of stress. These results represent an example of redox signaling through disulfide bond formation and reduction.

M. Zheng and G. Storz, Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
F. Åslund, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: storz{at}helix.nih.gov

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The OhrR repressor senses organic hydroperoxides by reversible formation of a cysteine-sulfenic acid derivative.
M. Fuangthong and J. D. Helmann (2002)
PNAS 99, 6690-6695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repression of photosynthesis gene expression by formation of a disulfide bond in CrtJ.
S. Masuda, C. Dong, D. Swem, A. T. Setterdahl, D. B. Knaff, and C. E. Bauer (2002)
PNAS 99, 7078-7083
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Attractive Surface: Gram-Negative Bacterial Biofilms.
M. A. Schembri, M. Givskov, and P. Klemm (2002)
Sci. STKE 2002, re6
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of Escherichia coli Glutaredoxin 2 Is Mainly Regulated by ppGpp and sigma S.
A. Potamitou, P. Neubauer, A. Holmgren, and A. Vlamis-Gardikas (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 17775-17780
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rapid Phosphorylation of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 in Response to Physiologic Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Endothelial Cells.
J. R. Stone and T. Collins (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15621-15628
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Albumin Precursor Protein, Phi AP3, and alpha -Smooth Muscle Actin as Novel Components of Redox Sensing Machinery in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
M. T. Holderman, K. P. Miller, L. J. Dangott, and K. S. Ramos (2002)
Mol. Pharmacol. 61, 1174-1183
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the nfsA Gene in Escherichia coli by SoxS.
E. S. Paterson, S. E. Boucher, and I. B. Lambert (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 51-58
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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