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Science 23 January 1998:
Vol. 279. no. 5350, pp. 563 - 566
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5350.563
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Reports

Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study

June M. Chan, * Meir J. Stampfer, Edward Giovannucci, Peter H. Gann, Jing Ma, Peter Wilkinson, Charles H. Hennekens, Michael Pollak

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogen for prostate epithelial cells. To investigate associations between plasma IGF levels and prostate cancer risk, a nested case-control study within the Physicians' Health Study was conducted on prospectively collected plasma from 152 cases and 152 controls. A strong positive association was observed between IGF-I levels and prostate cancer risk. Men in the highest quartile of IGF-I levels had a relative risk of 4.3 (95 percent confidence interval 1.8 to 10.6) compared with men in the lowest quartile. This association was independent of baseline prostate-specific antigen levels. Identification of plasma IGF-I as a predictor of prostate cancer risk may have implications for risk reduction and treatment.

J. M. Chan and M. J. Stampfer, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
E. Giovannucci and J. Ma, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
P. H. Gann, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
P. Wilkinson and M. Pollak, Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3T1E2.
C. H. Hennekens, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmlchan{at}hsph.harvard.edu

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M. W. Jackson, L. E. Patt, G. A. LaRusch, D. B. Donner, G. R. Stark, and L. D. Mayo (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 16814-16820
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and breast cancer risk: eight years on..
A. G Renehan, M. Harvie, and A. Howell (2006)
Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13, 273-278
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IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and breast cancer risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)..
S Rinaldi, P H M Peeters, F Berrino, L Dossus, C Biessy, A Olsen, A Tjonneland, K Overvad, F Clavel-Chapelon, M C Boutron-Ruault, et al. (2006)
Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13, 593-605
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Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and binding protein-3 and risk of prostate cancer..
G. Severi, H. A. Morris, R. J. MacInnis, D. R. English, W. D. Tilley, J. L. Hopper, P. Boyle, and G. G. Giles (2006)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15, 1137-1141
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Variants in the GH-IGF axis confer susceptibilityto lung cancer..
M. F. Rudd, E. L. Webb, A. Matakidou, G. S. Sellick, R. D. Williams, H. Bridle, T. Eisen, R. S. Houlston, and the GELCAPS Consortium (2006)
Genome Res. 16, 693-701
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Identification of novel target genes by an epigenetic reactivation screen of renal cancer..
I. Ibanez de Caceres, E. Dulaimi, A. M. Hoffman, T. Al-Saleem, R. G. Uzzo, and P. Cairns (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 5021-5028
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Opposite associations of age-dependent insulin-like growth factor-I standard deviation scores with nutritional state in normal weight and obese subjects..
H. J. Schneider, B. Saller, J. Klotsche, W. Marz, W. Erwa, H.-U. Wittchen, and G. K. Stalla (2006)
Eur. J. Endocrinol. 154, 699-706
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Impact of IGF-I and CYP19 Gene Polymorphisms on the Survival of Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
N. Tsuchiya, L. Wang, H. Suzuki, T. Segawa, H. Fukuda, S. Narita, M. Shimbo, T. Kamoto, K. Mitsumori, T. Ichikawa, et al. (2006)
J. Clin. Oncol. 24, 1982-1989
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Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3: insulin-like growth factor independence comes of age..
P. Cohen (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 2109-2111
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DHT and testosterone, but not DHEA or E2, differentially modulate IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in human prostatic stromal cells.
H. Le, J. T. Arnold, K. K. McFann, and M. R. Blackman (2006)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290, E952-E960
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Associations of Childhood and Adulthood Height and the Components of Height with Insulin-Like Growth Factor Levels in Adulthood: A 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort.
I. Bray, D. Gunnell, J. M. P. Holly, N. Middleton, G. D. Smith, and R. M. Martin (2006)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 1382-1389
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High Serum Levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) during High-Dose GH Treatment in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age.
M. van Dijk, P. Mulder, M. Houdijk, J. Mulder, K. Noordam, R. J. Odink, C. Rongen-Westerlaken, P. Voorhoeve, J. Waelkens, J. Stokvis-Brantsma, et al. (2006)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 1390-1396
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IGF1 CA repeat polymorphisms, lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.
R. J. Cleveland, M. D. Gammon, S. N. Edmiston, S. L. Teitelbaum, J. A. Britton, M. B. Terry, S. M. Eng, A. I. Neugut, R. M. Santella, and K. Conway (2006)
Carcinogenesis 27, 758-765
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Clinical trials with retinoids for breast cancer chemoprevention..
S Zanardi, D Serrano, A Argusti, M Barile, M Puntoni, and A Decensi (2006)
Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13, 51-68
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Growth Hormone for "Antiaging"--Reply.
T. Perls, N. R. Reisman, and S. J. Olshansky (2006)
JAMA 295, 889-890
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Thiazolidinediones Inhibit Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Induced Activation of p70S6 Kinase and Suppress Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Tumor-Promoting Activity.
G. He, Y. M. Sung, J. DiGiovanni, and S. M. Fischer (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 1873-1878
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SOM230 Inhibits Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Action in Mammary Gland Development by Pituitary Independent Mechanism: Mediated through Somatostatin Subtype Receptor 3?.
W. Ruan, F. Fahlbusch, D. R. Clemmons, M. E. Monaco, P. D. Walden, A. P. Silva, H. A. Schmid, and D. L. Kleinberg (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 426-436
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Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} activity is sufficient to stimulate myogenic differentiation.
J. L. J. van der Velden, R. C. J. Langen, M. C. J. M. Kelders, E. F. M. Wouters, Y. M. W. Janssen-Heininger, and A. M. W. J. Schols (2006)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290, C453-C462
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Role of estrogen receptor (ER) {alpha} in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-induced responses in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
S Zhang, X Li, R Burghardt, R Smith III, and S H Safe (2005)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 35, 433-447
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