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Science 19 December 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5346, pp. 2092 - 2097
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5346.2092
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Research Articles

Transcription Regulation by Initiating NTP Concentration: rRNA Synthesis in Bacteria

Tamas Gaal, Michael S. Bartlett, Wilma Ross, Charles L. Turnbough Jr., Richard L. Gourse *

The sequence of a promoter determines not only the efficiency with which it forms a complex with RNA polymerase, but also the concentration of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) required for initiating transcription. Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA (rrn P1) promoters require high initiating NTP concentrations for efficient transcription because they form unusually short-lived complexes with RNA polymerase; high initiating NTP concentrations [adenosine or guanosine triphosphate (ATP or GTP), depending on the rrn P1 promoter] are needed to bind to and stabilize the open complex. ATP and GTP concentrations, and therefore rrn P1 promoter activity, increase with growth rate. Because ribosomal RNA transcription determines the rate of ribosome synthesis, the control of ribosomal RNA transcription by NTP concentration provides a molecular explanation for the growth rate-dependent control and homeostatic regulation of ribosome synthesis.

T. Gaal, M. S. Bartlett, W. Ross, and R. L. Gourse are in the Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. C. L. Turnbough Jr. is in the Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rgourse{at}bact.wisc.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)