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Science 17 October 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5337, pp. 477 - 483
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5337.477
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Reports

Regulation of Gliogenesis in the Central Nervous System by the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Azad Bonni, * Yi Sun, * Mireya Nadal-Vicens, Ami Bhatt, David A. Frank, Irina Rozovsky, Neil Stahl, George D. Yancopoulos, Michael E. Greenberg dagger

A mechanism by which members of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-leukemia inhibitory factor cytokine family regulate gliogenesis in the developing mammalian central nervous system was characterized. Activation of the CNTF receptor promoted differentiation of cerebral cortical precursor cells into astrocytes and inhibited differentiation of cortical precursors along a neuronal lineage. Although CNTF stimulated both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cortical precursor cells, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway selectively enhanced differentiation of these precursors along a glial lineage. These findings suggest that cytokine activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway may be a mechanism by which cell fate is controlled during mammalian development.

A. Bonni, Y. Sun, M. Nadal-Vicens, A. Bhatt, M. E. Greenberg, Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
D. A. Frank, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
I. Rozovsky, Neurogerontology Division, Andrus Gerontology Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
N. Stahl and G. D. Yancopoulos, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
*   The first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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C. Bjørbæk, J. K. Elmquist, K. El-Haschimi, J. Kelly, R. S. Ahima, S. Hileman, and J. S. Flier (1999)
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Purification and Characterization of Astrocyte Precursor Cells in the Developing Rat Optic Nerve.
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Chronic Interleukin-6 Alters NMDA Receptor-Mediated Membrane Responses and Enhances Neurotoxicity in Developing CNS Neurons.
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A Role for Transforming Growth Factor alpha  as an Inducer of Astrogliosis.
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Differentiation of Oligodendroglial Progenitors Derived from Cortical Multipotent Cells Requires Extrinsic Signals Including Activation of gp130/LIFbeta Receptors.
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A Bidirectional Regulation between the TR2/TR4 Orphan Receptors (TR2/TR4) and the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Signaling Pathway.
W.-J. Young, Y.-F. Lee, S. M. Smith, and C. Chang (1998)
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Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of STAT3.
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Multiple Routes to Astrocytic Differentiation in the CNS.
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Neural precursor differentiation into astrocytes requires signaling through the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.
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Negative Regulation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation by the Pten Tumor Suppressor Gene in Vivo.
M. Groszer, R. Erickson, D. D. Scripture-Adams, R. Lesche, A. Trumpp, J. A. Zack, H. I. Kornblum, X. Liu, and H. Wu (2001)
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Identification of a Novel gp130-responsive Site in the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Cytokine Response Element.
E. A. Jones, J. Conover, and A. J. Symes (2000)
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A Stat3-interacting protein (StIP1) regulates cytokine signal transduction.
R. G. Collum, S. Brutsaert, G. Lee, and C. Schindler (2000)
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