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Science 17 October 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5337, pp. 419 - 424
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5337.419
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Articles

The Endocrinology of Aging

Steven W. J. Lamberts, * Annewieke W. van den Beld, Aart-Jan van der Lely

Most aging individuals die from atherosclerosis, cancer, or dementia; but in the oldest old, loss of muscle strength resulting in frailty is the limiting factor for an individual's chances of living an independent life until death. Three hormonal systems show decreasing circulating hormone concentrations during normal aging: (i) estrogen (in menopause) and testosterone (in andropause), (ii) dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate (in adrenopause), and (iii) the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis (in somatopause). Physical changes during aging have been considered physiologic, but there is evidence that some of these changes are related to this decline in hormonal activity. Hormone replacement strategies have been developed, but many of their aspects remain controversial, and increasing blood hormone levels in aging individuals to those found during mid-adult life has not been uniformly proven to be safe and of benefit.

The authors are in the Department of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Medicine, University Hospital Dijkzigt, 40 Dr. Molewaterplein, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. E-mail: lamberts{at}inw3.azr.nl

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Age-Dependent Changes in Sperm Production, Semen Quality, and Testicular Volume in the Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes).
K.N. Wolf, D.E. Wildt, A. Vargas, P.E. Marinari, J.S. Kreeger, M.A. Ottinger, and J.G. Howard (2000)
Biol Reprod 63, 179-187
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormone and Hormone Receptor Deficiency.
K. Dorshkind and N. D. Horseman (2000)
Endocr. Rev. 21, 292-312
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Impact of Age on Cortisol Secretory Dynamics Basally and as Driven by Nutrient-Withdrawal Stress.
M. Bergendahl, A. Iranmanesh, T. Mulligan, and J. D. Veldhuis (2000)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 2203-2214
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Leptin and Aging: Correlation with Endocrine Changes in Male and Female Healthy Adult Populations of Different Body Weights.
A. M. Isidori, F. Strollo, M. Morè, M. Caprio, A. Aversa, C. Moretti, G. Frajese, G. Riondino, and A. Fabbri (2000)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1954-1962
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Endocrine Modulators in the Environment: An Introduction to Endocrine Modulators.
M. J. Iatropoulos (2000)
Toxicol Pathol 28, 415-417
   Abstract »    PDF »
Endocrine Modulators in the Food Chain and Environment.
R. Nilsson (2000)
Toxicol Pathol 28, 420-431
   Abstract »    PDF »
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 Is Associated With the Presence and Extent of Coronary Arteriosclerosis.
S. Schuler-Luttmann, G. Monnig, A. Enbergs, H. Schulte, G. Breithardt, G. Assmann, S. Kerber, and A. von Eckardstein (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20 , e10-e15
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
For and against: The male menopause---does it exist? • For • Against.
D. C Gould, R. Petty, and H. S Jacobs (2000)
BMJ 320, 858-861
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Longitudinal changes in adult fat-free mass: influence of body weight.
G. B Forbes (1999)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition 70, 1025-1031
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Growth Hormone Improves Body Mass Recovery with Refeeding after Chronic Undernutrition-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Male Rats.
B. T. Ameredes, J. F. Watchko, M. J. Daood, J. F. Rosas, M. P. Donahoe, and R. M. Rogers (1999)
J. Nutr. 129, 2264-2270
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Impaired Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency.
A. Colao, A. Cuocolo, C. Di Somma, G. Cerbone, A. M. Della Morte, E. Nicolai, R. Lucci, M. Salvatore, and G. Lombardi (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 3950-3955
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Underdeveloped uterus and reduced estrogen responsiveness in mice with disruption of the estrogen-responsive finger protein gene, which is a direct target of estrogen receptor alpha.
A. Orimo, S. Inoue, O. Minowa, N. Tominaga, Y. Tomioka, M. Sato, J. Kuno, H. Hiroi, Y. Shimizu, M. Suzuki, et al. (1999)
PNAS 96, 12027-12032
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men.
W. J. Kraemer, K. Hakkinen, R. U. Newton, B. C. Nindl, J. S. Volek, M. McCormick, L. A. Gotshalk, S. E. Gordon, S. J. Fleck, W. W. Campbell, et al. (1999)
J Appl Physiol 87, 982-992
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Age- and Growth Hormone-Induced Alterations in Renal Sulfate Transport.
K. Sagawa, B. Han, D. C. DuBois, H. Murer, R. R. Almon, and M. E. Morris (1999)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 1182-1187
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Toward an Understanding of Frailty.
D. Hamerman (1999)
Ann Intern Med 130, 945-950
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Luteinizing Hormone and Different Genetic Variants, as Indicators of Frailty in Healthy Elderly Men.
A. W. van den Beld, I. T. Huhtaniemi, K. S. L. Pettersson, H. A. P. Pols, D. E. Grobbee, F. H. de Jong, and S. W. J. Lamberts (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 1334-1339
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Role of Thyroid Hormone in Regulation of Renal Phosphate Transport in Young and Aged Rats.
A. I. Alcalde, M. Sarasa, D. Raldúa, J. Aramayona, R. Morales, J. Biber, H. Murer, M. Levi, and V. Sorribas (1999)
Endocrinology 140, 1544-1551
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Plasticity of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors during aging in the rat.
A. H. S. hassan, V. K. Patchev, P. V. Rosenstiel, F. Holsboer, and O. F. X. Almeida (1999)
FASEB J 13, 115-122
   Abstract »    Full Text »


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