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Science 3 October 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5335, pp. 63 - 66
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5335.63
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Articles
Psychoactive Drug Use in Evolutionary Perspective
Randolph M. Nesse,
*
Kent C. Berridge
Pure psychoactive drugs and direct routes of administration are
evolutionarily novel features of our environment. They are inherently
pathogenic because they bypass adaptive information processing systems
and act directly on ancient brain mechanisms that control emotion and
behavior. Drugs that induce positive emotions give a false signal of a
fitness benefit. This signal hijacks incentive mechanisms of
"liking" and "wanting," and can result in continued use of
drugs that no longer bring pleasure. Drugs that block negative emotions
can impair useful defenses, although there are several reasons why
their use is often safe nonetheless. A deeper understanding of the
evolutionary origins and functions of the emotions and their neural
mechanisms is needed as a basis for decisions about the use of
psychoactive drugs.
R. M. Nesse, Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Social
Research, University of Michigan, 5057 ISR, Post Office Box 1248, Ann
Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA. K. C. Berridge, Department of Psychology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
nesse{at}umich.edu
Read the Full Text
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