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Science 5 September 1997:
Vol. 277. no. 5331, pp. 1453 - 1462
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453
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Articles

The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12

Frederick R. Blattner, * Guy Plunkett III, * Craig A. Bloch, Nicole T. Perna, Valerie Burland, Monica Riley, Julio Collado-Vides, Jeremy D. Glasner, Christopher K. Rode, George F. Mayhew, Jason Gregor, Nelson Wayne Davis, Heather A. Kirkpatrick, Michael A. Goeden, Debra J. Rose, Bob Mau, Ying Shao

The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within E. coli are also evident. The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters. The genome as a whole is strikingly organized with respect to the local direction of replication; guanines, oligonucleotides possibly related to replication and recombination, and most genes are so oriented. The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual composition indicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.

F. R. Blattner, G. Plunkett III, N. T. Perna, J. D. Glasner, G. F. Mayhew, J. Gregor, N. W. Davis, H. A. Kirkpatrick, M. A. Goeden, D. J. Rose, B. Mau, and Y. Shao are at the Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA. C. A. Bloch and C. K. Rode are in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. V. Burland is at FMC Bioproducts, 191 Thomaston Street, Rockland, ME 04841, USA. M. Riley is at Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. J. Collado-Vides is at the Centro de Investigación sobre Fijación de Nitrógeno, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca A.P. 565-A, Morelos 62100, México.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ecoli{at}genetics.wisc.edu

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K. W. McCrea, J. Xie, N. LaCross, M. Patel, D. Mukundan, T. F. Murphy, C. F. Marrs, and J. R. Gilsdorf (2008)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 406-416
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Effect of pH on Intracellular Accumulation of Trace Concentrations of Hg(II) in Escherichia coli under Anaerobic Conditions, as Measured Using a mer-lux Bioreporter.
G. R. Golding, R. Sparling, and C. A. Kelly (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 667-675
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The E. coli RhlE RNA helicase regulates the function of related RNA helicases during ribosome assembly.
C. Jain (2008)
RNA 14, 381-389
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcription Profiling of the Stringent Response in Escherichia coli.
T. Durfee, A.-M. Hansen, H. Zhi, F. R. Blattner, and D. J. Jin (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 1084-1096
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Resolving the structural features of genomic islands: A machine learning approach.
G. S. Vernikos and J. Parkhill (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 331-342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Choosing BLAST options for better detection of orthologs as reciprocal best hits.
G. Moreno-Hagelsieb and K. Latimer (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 319-324
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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