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Science 15 August 1997:
Vol. 277. no. 5328, pp. 968 - 971
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5328.968
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Reports

Pain Affect Encoded in Human Anterior Cingulate But Not Somatosensory Cortex

Pierre Rainville, Gary H. Duncan, Donald D. Price, Benoît Carrier, M. Catherine Bushnell *

Recent evidence demonstrating multiple regions of human cerebral cortex activated by pain has prompted speculation about their individual contributions to this complex experience. To differentiate cortical areas involved in pain affect, hypnotic suggestions were used to alter selectively the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli, without changing the perceived intensity. Positron emission tomography revealed significant changes in pain-evoked activity within anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with the encoding of perceived unpleasantness, whereas primary somatosensory cortex activation was unaltered. These findings provide direct experimental evidence in humans linking frontal-lobe limbic activity with pain affect, as originally suggested by early clinical lesion studies.

P. Rainville, Département de Psychologie and Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7, and McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4.
G. H. Duncan, Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, and Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7, and McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
D. D. Price, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
B. Carrier, Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
M. C. Bushnell, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada, and Department of Anesthesiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bushnellc{at}medcor.mcgill.ca

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Testing the sensitivity hypothesis in practice: tools and methods, assumptions and pitfalls.
M Camilleri (2002)
Gut 51, i34-40
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Painful stimuli evoke different stimulus-response functions in the amygdala, prefrontal, insula and somatosensory cortex: a single-trial fMRI study.
K. Bornhovd, M. Quante, V. Glauche, B. Bromm, C. Weiller, and C. Buchel (2002)
Brain 125, 1326-1336
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Anterior Cingulate: Single Neuronal Signals Related to Degree of Reward Expectancy.
M. Shidara and B. J. Richmond (2002)
Science 296, 1709-1711
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Does Anticipation of Pain Affect Cortical Nociceptive Systems?.
C. A. Porro, P. Baraldi, G. Pagnoni, M. Serafini, P. Facchin, M. Maieron, and P. Nichelli (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 3206-3214
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Hypnotic imagery as a treatment for phantom limb pain: two case reports and a review.
D. A Oakley, L. G. Whitman, and P. W Halligan (2002)
Clinical Rehabilitation 16, 368-377
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Representation of Pain and Somatic Sensation in the Human Insula: a Study of Responses to Direct Electrical Cortical Stimulation.
K. Ostrowsky, M. Magnin, P. Ryvlin, J. Isnard, M. Guenot, and F. Mauguiere (2002)
Cereb Cortex 12, 376-385
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Imaging Attentional Modulation of Pain in the Periaqueductal Gray in Humans.
I. Tracey, A. Ploghaus, J. S. Gati, S. Clare, S. Smith, R. S. Menon, and P. M. Matthews (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 2748-2752
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