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Science 1 August 1997:
Vol. 277. no. 5326, pp. 696 - 699
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5326.696
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Reports

Analysis of a Chemical Plant Defense Mechanism in Grasses

Monika Frey, Paul Chomet, Erich Glawischnig, Cornelia Stettner, Sebastian Grün, Albert Winklmair, Wolfgang Eisenreich, Adelbert Bacher, Robert B. Meeley, Steven P. Briggs, Kevin Simcox, Alfons Gierl *

In the Gramineae, the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) form part of the defense against insects and microbial pathogens. Five genes, Bx1 through Bx5, are required for DIBOA biosynthesis in maize. The functions of these five genes, clustered on chromosome 4, were demonstrated in vitro. Bx1 encodes a tryptophan synthase alpha  homolog that catalyzes the formation of indole for the production of secondary metabolites rather than tryptophan, thereby defining the branch point from primary to secondary metabolism. Bx2 through Bx5 encode cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases that catalyze four consecutive hydroxylations and one ring expansion to form the highly oxidized DIBOA.

M. Frey, E. Glawischnig, C. Stettner, S. Grün, A. Winklmair, A. Gierl, Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
P. Chomet, DeKalb Genetics Corporation, 62 Maritime Drive, Mystic, CT 06355, USA.
W. Eisenreich and A. Bacher, Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
R. B. Meeley and S. P. Briggs, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Box 7300, Johnston, IA 50131, USA.
K. Simcox, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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