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Science 20 June 1997:
Vol. 276. no. 5320, pp. 1868 - 1872
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5320.1868
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Reports

Large Porous Particles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

David A. Edwards, * Justin Hanes, Giovanni Caponetti, Jeffrey Hrkach, Abdelaziz Ben-Jebria, Mary Lou Eskew, Jeffrey Mintzes, Daniel Deaver, Noah Lotan, Robert Langer *

A new type of inhalation aerosol, characterized by particles of small mass density and large size, permitted the highly efficient delivery of inhaled therapeutics into the systemic circulation. Particles with mass densities less than 0.4 gram per cubic centimeter and mean diameters exceeding 5 micrometers were inspired deep into the lungs and escaped the lungs' natural clearance mechanisms until the inhaled particles delivered their therapeutic payload. Inhalation of large porous insulin particles resulted in elevated systemic levels of insulin and suppressed systemic glucose levels for 96 hours, whereas small nonporous insulin particles had this effect for only 4 hours. High systemic bioavailability of testosterone was also achieved by inhalation delivery of porous particles with a mean diameter (20 micrometers) approximately 10 times that of conventional inhaled therapeutic particles.

D. A. Edwards, A. Ben-Jebria, J. Mintzes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 204 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J. Hanes, J. Hrkach, R. Langer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
G. Caponetti, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, and Department of Pharmacy, Universite di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
M. L. Eskew, Environmental Resources Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Fenske Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
D. Deaver, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, 324 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
N. Lotan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dxe11{at}psuv.edu (D.A.E.), rlanger{at}mit.edu (R.L.).

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