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Science 16 May 1997:
Vol. 276. no. 5315, pp. 1058 - 1065
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5315.1058
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Articles
Heterogeneous and Multiphase Chemistry in the Troposphere
A. R. Ravishankara
Heterogeneous and multiphase reactions on solids and in liquids,
respectively, have the potential to play a major role in determining
the composition of the gaseous troposphere and should be included in
models for understanding this region and assessing the effects of
anthropogenic emissions. Making a distinction between reactions on
solids (heterogeneous reactions) and those occurring in liquid droplets
(multiphase reactions) is convenient for understanding, describing, and
including them in models of the troposphere. Frameworks are available
for including multiphase reactions in numerical models, but they do not
yet exist for heterogeneous reactions. For most of these reactions,
water not only provides the medium but it is also a reactant. Other
substrates such as sulfate and organic and sea-salt aerosols may also
be important, but their effects cannot currently be accurately assessed
because of a lack of information on their abundance, nature, and
reactivities. Our ability to accurately predict the composition of the
troposphere will depend on advances in understanding the microphysics
of particle formation, laboratory investigations of heterogeneous and
multiphase reactions, and collection of field data on tropospheric
particles.
The author is at the Aeronomy Laboratory, Environmental Research
Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. He is also associated with the
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and The Cooperative Institute
for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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