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Science 9 May 1997:
Vol. 276. no. 5314, pp. 917 - 922
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5314.917
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Articles

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of a Brownian Motor

R. Dean Astumian

Nonequilibrium fluctuations, whether generated externally or by a chemical reaction far from equilibrium, can bias the Brownian motion of a particle in an anisotropic medium without thermal gradients, a net force such as gravity, or a macroscopic electric field. Fluctuation-driven transport is one mechanism by which chemical energy can directly drive the motion of particles and macromolecules and may find application in a wide variety of fields, including particle separation and the design of molecular motors and pumps.

The author is in the Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, MC6035, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. E-mail: dastumia{at}surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu

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