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Science 7 March 1997:
Vol. 275. no. 5305, pp. 1485 - 1489
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5305.1485
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Reports

A Plastid of Probable Green Algal Origin in Apicomplexan Parasites

Sabine Köhler, *dagger Charles F. Delwiche, *ddagger Paul W. Denny, Lewis G. Tilney, Paul Webster, R. J. M. Wilson, Jeffrey D. Palmer, David S. Roos §

Protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa contain three genetic elements: the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes characteristic of virtually all eukaryotic cells and a 35-kilobase circular extrachromosomal DNA. In situ hybridization techniques were used to localize the 35-kilobase DNA of Toxoplasma gondii to a discrete organelle surrounded by four membranes. Phylogenetic analysis of the tufA gene encoded by the 35-kilobase genomes of coccidians T. gondii and Eimeria tenella and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum grouped this organellar genome with cyanobacteria and plastids, showing consistent clustering with green algal plastids. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Apicomplexa acquired a plastid by secondary endosymbiosis, probably from a green alga.

S. Köhler, L. G. Tilney, D. S. Roos, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
C. F. Delwiche and J. D. Palmer, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
P. W. Denny and R. J. M. Wilson, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA UK.
P. Webster, Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    Present address: School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

ddagger    Present address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

§   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: droos{at}sas.upenn.edu

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Targeting and Processing of Nuclear-encoded Apicoplast Proteins in Plastid Segregation Mutants of Toxoplasma gondii.
C. Y. He, B. Striepen, C. H. Pletcher, J. M. Murray, and D. S. Roos (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 28436-28442
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Lateral transfer at the gene and subgenic levels in the evolution of eukaryotic enolase.
P. J. Keeling and J. D. Palmer (2001)
PNAS 98, 10745-10750
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)