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Science 7 March 1997:
Vol. 275. no. 5305, pp. 1471 - 1475
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5305.1471
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Reports

Structure of a Protein Photocycle Intermediate by Millisecond Time-Resolved Crystallography

Ulrich K. Genick, *dagger Gloria E. O. Borgstahl, *dagger ddagger Kingman Ng, dagger § Zhong Ren, dagger Claude Pradervand, Patrick M. Burke, | Vukica Srajer, Tsu-Yi Teng, Wilfried Schildkamp, Duncan E. McRee, Keith Moffat, Elizabeth D. Getzoff

The blue-light photoreceptor photoactive yellow protein (PYP) undergoes a self-contained light cycle. The atomic structure of the bleached signaling intermediate in the light cycle of PYP was determined by millisecond time-resolved, multiwavelength Laue crystallography and simultaneous optical spectroscopy. Light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization of the 4-hydroxycinnamyl chromophore and coupled protein rearrangements produce a new set of active-site hydrogen bonds. An arginine gateway opens, allowing solvent exposure and protonation of the chromophore's phenolic oxygen. Resulting changes in shape, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic potential at the protein surface form a likely basis for signal transduction. The structural results suggest a general framework for the interpretation of protein photocycles.

U. K. Genick, G. E. O. Borgstahl, P. M. Burke, D. E. McRee, E. D. Getzoff, Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
K. Ng, Z. Ren, C. Pradervand, V. Srajer, T.-Y. Teng, W. Schildkamp, K. Moffat, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    These authors made major contributions to time-resolved studies on photoactive yellow protein.

ddagger    Present address: University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

§   Present address: Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.

|   Present address: Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.

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