Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 21 February 1997:
Vol. 275. no. 5303, pp. 1122 - 1126
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5303.1122
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Interaction of CED-4 with CED-3 and CED-9: A Molecular Framework for Cell Death

Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Karen O'Rourke, Brian R. Lane, Vishva M. Dixit *

Previous genetic studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identified three important components of the cell death machinery. CED-3 and CED-4 function to kill cells, whereas CED-9 protects cells from death. Here CED-9 and its mammalian homolog Bcl-xL (a member of the Bcl-2 family of cell death regulators) were both found to interact with and inhibit the function of CED-4. In addition, analysis revealed that CED-4 can simultaneously interact with CED-3 and its mammalian counterparts interleukin-1beta -converting enzyme (ICE) and FLICE. Thus, CED-4 plays a central role in the cell death pathway, biochemically linking CED-9 and the Bcl-2 family to CED-3 and the ICE family of pro-apoptotic cysteine proteases.

University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on cell proliferation, Fas expression and steroid receptors in endometriosis lesions and normal endometrium.
M.K.O. Gomes, J.C. Rosa-e-Silva, S.B. Garcia, A.C. J. de Sa Rosa-e-Silva, A. Turatti, C.S. Vieira, and R.A. Ferriani (2009)
Hum. Reprod. 24, 2736-2745
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2-family proteins and hematologic malignancies: history and future prospects.
J. C. Reed (2008)
Blood 111, 3322-3330
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Apoptosis in the Ameliorating Effects of a CDR1-Based Peptide on Lupus Manifestations in a Mouse Model.
A. Sharabi, D. Luger, H. Ben-David, M. Dayan, H. Zinger, and E. Mozes (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 4979-4987
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Matefin/SUN-1 is a nuclear envelope receptor for CED-4 during Caenorhabditis elegans apoptosis.
Y. B. Tzur, A. Margalit, N. Melamed-Book, and Y. Gruenbaum (2006)
PNAS 103, 13397-13402
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Bcl-2 cannot directly inhibit the Caenorhabditis elegans Apaf-1 homologue CED-4, but can interact with EGL-1.
A. M. Jabbour, M. A. Puryer, J. Y. Yu, T. Lithgow, C. D. Riffkin, D. M. Ashley, D. L. Vaux, P. G. Ekert, and C. J. Hawkins (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 2572-2582
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNA Aptamers Targeting the Cell Death Inhibitor CED-9 Induce Cell Killing in Caenorhabditis elegans.
C. Yang, N. Yan, J. Parish, X. Wang, Y. Shi, and D. Xue (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9137-9144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
"Simple but not simpler": toward a unified picture of energy requirements in cell death.
A. Chiarugi (2005)
FASEB J 19, 1783-1788
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis in Drosophila: neither fish nor fowl (nor man, nor worm).
S. Kornbluth and K. White (2005)
J. Cell Sci. 118, 1779-1787
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High Glucose Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Serum Deprivation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl.
H. Li, S. Telemaque, R. E. Miller, and J. D. Marsh (2005)
Diabetes 54, 540-545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apaf-1 and caspase-9 accelerate apoptosis, but do not determine whether factor-deprived or drug-treated cells die.
P. G. Ekert, S. H. Read, J. Silke, V. S. Marsden, H. Kaufmann, C. J. Hawkins, R. Gerl, S. Kumar, and D. L. Vaux (2004)
J. Cell Biol. 165, 835-842
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Caenorhabditis elegans pvl-5 Gene Protects Hypodermal Cells From ced-3-Dependent, ced-4-Independent Cell Death.
P. Joshi and D. M. Eisenmann (2004)
Genetics 167, 673-685
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis in human endometrium and endometriosis.
T. Harada, A. Kaponis, T. Iwabe, F. Taniguchi, G. Makrydimas, N. Sofikitis, M. Paschopoulos, E. Paraskevaidis, and N. Terakawa (2004)
Hum. Reprod. Update 10, 29-38
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Synthetic Heteroarotinoid SHetA2 Induces Apoptosis in Squamous Carcinoma Cells through a Receptor-independent and Mitochondria-dependent Pathway.
K.-H. Chun, D. M. Benbrook, K. D. Berlin, W. K. Hong, and R. Lotan (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 3826-3832
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical function of T cell death-associated gene 8 in glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis.
N. Tosa, M. Murakami, W. Y. Jia, M. Yokoyama, T. Masunaga, C. Iwabuchi, M. Inobe, K. Iwabuchi, T. Miyazaki, K. Onoe, et al. (2003)
Int. Immunol. 15, 741-749
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Legionella pneumophila induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial death pathway.
B. Neumeister, M. Faigle, K. Lauber, H. Northoff, and S. Wesselborg (2002)
Microbiology 148, 3639-3650
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Programmed cell death takes flight: genetic and genomic approaches to gene discovery in Drosophila.
S. Gorski and M. Marra (2002)
Physiol Genomics 9, 59-69
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BH3-only proteins -- evolutionarily conserved proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members essential for initiating programmed cell death.
P. Bouillet and A. Strasser (2002)
J. Cell Sci. 115, 1567-1574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1-Mediated Pathway of Apoptosis Is Dispensable for Negative Selection of Thymocytes.
H. Hara, A. Takeda, M. Takeuchi, A. C. Wakeham, A. Itie, M. Sasaki, T. W. Mak, A. Yoshimura, K. Nomoto, and H. Yoshida (2002)
J. Immunol. 168, 2288-2295
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prolactin, a lymphocyte growth and survival factor.
A R Buckley (2001)
Lupus 10, 684-690
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mechanism of Apoptosis and Determination of Cellular Fate in Chromium(VI)-exposed Populations of Telomerase-immortalized Human Fibroblasts.
D. E. Pritchard, S. Ceryak, L. Ha, J. L. Fornsaglio, S. K. Hartman, T. J. O'Brien, and S. R. Patierno (2001)
Cell Growth Differ. 12, 487-496
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Possible Involvement of Auxin-Induced Ethylene in an Apoptotic Cell Death during Temperature-Sensitive Lethality Expressed by Hybrid between Nicotiana glutinosa and N. repanda.
T. Yamada, W. Marubashi, T. Nakamura, and M. Niwa (2001)
Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 923-930
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Many Genomic Regions Are Required for Normal Embryonic Programmed Cell Death in Caenorhabditis elegans.
A. Sugimoto, A. Kusano, R. R. Hozak, W. B. Derry, J. Zhu, and J. H. Rothman (2001)
Genetics 158, 237-252
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration.
C. OBERHOLZER, A. OBERHOLZER, M. CLARE-SALZLER, and L. L. MOLDAWER (2001)
FASEB J 15, 879-892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Programmed cell death mediated by ced-3 and ced-4 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Salmonella typhimurium-mediated killing.
A. Aballay and F. M. Ausubel (2001)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Wild-type, mitochondrial and ER-restricted Bcl-2 inhibit DNA damage-induced apoptosis but do not affect death receptor-induced apoptosis.
J. Rudner, A. Lepple-Wienhues, W. Budach, J. Berschauer, B. Friedrich, S. Wesselborg, K. Schulze-Osthoff, and C. Belka (2001)
J. Cell Sci. 114, 4161-4172
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis of ventricular and atrial myocytes from pacing-induced canine heart failure.
M. Y Heinke, M. Yao, D. Chang, R. Einstein, and C. G dos Remedios (2001)
Cardiovasc Res 49, 127-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteases for Cell Suicide: Functions and Regulation of Caspases.
H. Y. Chang and X. Yang (2000)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 821-846
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cyclosporin A inhibits chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial cytochrome c release and restores clonogenic survival in CHO cells.
D. E. Pritchard, J. Singh, D. L. Carlisle, and S. R. Patierno (2000)
Carcinogenesis 21, 2027-2033
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Screen for Dominant Modifiers of the irreC-rst Cell Death Phenotype in the Developing Drosophila Retina.
S. B. Tanenbaum, S. M. Gorski, J. C. Rusconi, and R. L. Cagan (2000)
Genetics 156, 205-217
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Transduction of Dendritic Cells with Bcl-xL Increases Their Resistance to Prostate Cancer-Induced Apoptosis and Antitumor Effect in Mice.
G. Pirtskhalaishvili, G. V. Shurin, A. Gambotto, C. Esche, M. Wahl, Z. R. Yurkovetsky, P. D. Robbins, and M. R. Shurin (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 1956-1964
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-related Alterations in IL-1{beta}, TNF-{alpha}, and IL-6 Concentrations in Parotid Acinar Cells from BALB/c and Non-obese Diabetic Mice.
M. Yamakawa, R. Weinstein, T. Tsuji, J. McBride, D. T. W. Wong, and G. R. Login (2000)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48, 1033-1042
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Upregulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in end stage heart failure.
N. Latif, M. A. Khan, E. Birks, A. O'Farrell, J. Westbrook, M. J. Dunn, and M. H. Yacoub (2000)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35, 1769-1777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor 1 (Apaf-1)-Independent Cell Death Suppression by Bcl-2.
M. Haraguchi, S. Torii, S.-i. Matsuzawa, Z. Xie, S. Kitada, S. Krajewski, H. Yoshida, T. W. Mak, and J. C. Reed (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 191, 1709-1720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pro-Apoptotic Apoptosis Protease-Activating Factor 1 (Apaf-1) Has a Cytoplasmic Localization Distinct from Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL.
G. Hausmann, L. A. O'Reilly, R. van Driel, J. G. Beaumont, A. Strasser, J. M. Adams, and D. C.S. Huang (2000)
J. Cell Biol. 149, 623-634
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Inhibits Trophic Withdrawal Apoptosis in Nerve Growth Factor-differentiated PC12 Cells.
A. McGinty, Y.-W. E. Chang, A. Sorokin, D. Bokemeyer, and M. J. Dunn (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 12095-12101
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tetrocarcin A Inhibits Mitochondrial Functions of Bcl-2 and Suppresses Its Anti-apoptotic Activity.
T. Nakashima, M. Miura, and M. Hara (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 1229-1235
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Translocation of C. elegans CED-4 to Nuclear Membranes During Programmed Cell Death.
F. Chen, B. M. Hersh, B. Conradt, Z. Zhou, D. Riemer, Y. Gruenbaum, and H. R. Horvitz (2000)
Science 287, 1485-1489
   Abstract »    Full Text »
DNA-damage-induced Checkpoint Pathways in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
E.R. HOFMANN, S. MILSTEIN, and M.O. HENGARTNER (2000)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 65, 467-474
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mitochondria and Neuronal Survival.
D. G. Nicholls and S. L. Budd (2000)
Physiol Rev 80, 315-360
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HSP27 inhibits cytochrome c-dependent activation of procaspase-9.
C. GARRIDO, J.-M. BRUEY, A. FROMENTIN, A. HAMMANN, A. P. ARRIGO, and E. SOLARY (1999)
FASEB J 13, 2061-2070
   Abstract »    Full Text »
All along the watchtower: on the regulation of apoptosis regulators.
B. FADEEL, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, and S. ORRENIUS (1999)
FASEB J 13, 1647-1657
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Hepatocyte growth factor promotes renal epithelial cell survival by dual mechanisms.
Y. Liu (1999)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277, F624-F633
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dysregulation of Apoptosis in Cancer.
J. C. Reed (1999)
J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 family members do not inhibit apoptosis by binding the caspase activator Apaf-1.
K. Moriishi, D. C. S. Huang, S. Cory, and J. M. Adams (1999)
PNAS 96, 9683-9688
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spontaneous Human Monocyte Apoptosis Utilizes a Caspase-3-Dependent Pathway That Is Blocked by Endotoxin and Is Independent of Caspase-1.
R. J. Fahy, A. I. Doseff, and M. D. Wewers (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 1755-1762
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis : Modulation of Bad by a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Dependent Pathway.
H.-z. Bai, M. J. Pollman, Y. Inishi, and G. H. Gibbons (1999)
Circ. Res. 85, 229-237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postmitochondrial regulation of apoptosis during heart failure.
J. C. Reed and G. Paternostro (1999)
PNAS 96, 7614-7616
   Full Text »    PDF »
Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis Proceeds by Caspase-3-dependent and -independent Pathways in Cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines.
K. M. Henkels and J. J. Turchi (1999)
Cancer Res. 59, 3077-3083
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Life and Death in Otolaryngology: Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Its Role in the Pathology and Treatment of Disease.
S. P. Mostafapour, D. M. Hockenbery, and E. W Rubel (1999)
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 125, 729-737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Btf, a Novel Death-Promoting Transcriptional Repressor That Interacts with Bcl-2-Related Proteins.
G. M. Kasof, L. Goyal, and E. White (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4390-4404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biochemical and Genetic Control of Apoptosis: Relevance to Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies.
R. G. Wickremasinghe and A. V. Hoffbrand (1999)
Blood 93, 3587-3600
   Full Text »    PDF »
Nod1, an Apaf-1-like Activator of Caspase-9 and Nuclear Factor-kappa B.
N. Inohara, T. Koseki, L. del Peso, Y. Hu, C. Yee, S. Chen, R. Carrio, J. Merino, D. Liu, J. Ni, et al. (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 14560-14567
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unopposed Production of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor by Tumors Inhibits CD8+ T Cell Responses by Dysregulating Antigen-Presenting Cell Maturation.
V. Bronte, D. B. Chappell, E. Apolloni, A. Cabrelle, M. Wang, P. Hwu, and N. P. Restifo (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5728-5737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Common Regulation of Apoptosis Signaling Induced by CD95 and the DNA-damaging Stimuli Etoposide and gamma -Radiation Downstream from Caspase-8 Activation.
J. G. R. Boesen-de Cock, A. D. Tepper, E. de Vries, W. J. van Blitterswijk, and J. Borst (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 14255-14261
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase activation by BCR cross-linking in immature B cells: differential effects on growth arrest and apoptosis.
A. BRÁS, A. RUIZ-VELA, G. GONZÁLEZ DE BUITRAGO, and C. MARTÍNEZ-A (1999)
FASEB J 13, 931-944
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Anticancer Drugs Induce Caspase-8/FLICE Activation and Apoptosis in the Absence of CD95 Receptor/Ligand Interaction.
S. Wesselborg, I. H. Engels, E. Rossmann, M. Los, and K. Schulze-Osthoff (1999)
Blood 93, 3053-3063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucose Uptake and Glycolysis Reduce Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes.
R. Malhotra and F. C. Brosius III (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12567-12575
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An APAF-1·Cytochrome c Multimeric Complex Is a Functional Apoptosome That Activates Procaspase-9.
H. Zou, Y. Li, X. Liu, and X. Wang (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11549-11556
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase, But Not S6-Kinase, Is Required for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and IL-4 To Maintain Expression of Bcl-2 and Promote Survival of Myeloid Progenitors.
C. Minshall, S. Arkins, R. Dantzer, G. G. Freund, and K. W. Kelley (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 4542-4549
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Nr13 in regulation of programmed cell death in the bursa of Fabricius.
R.-m. Lee, G. Gillet, J. Burnside, S. J. Thomas, and P. Neiman (1999)
Genes & Dev. 13, 718-728
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Activation of Membrane-associated Procaspase-3 Is Regulated by Bcl-2.
J. F. Krebs, R. C. Armstrong, A. Srinivasan, T. Aja, A. M. Wong, A. Aboy, R. Sayers, B. Pham, T. Vu, K. Hoang, et al. (1999)
J. Cell Biol. 144, 915-926
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids inhibit serum depletion-induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes expressing Bcl-2.
S.-T. J. HUANG and J. A. CIDLOWSKI (1999)
FASEB J 13, 467-476
   Abstract »    Full Text »
BCL-2 Blocks Perforin-induced Nuclear Translocation of Granzymes Concomitant with Protection against the Nuclear Events of Apoptosis.
D. A. Jans, V. R. Sutton, P. Jans, C. J. Froelich, and J. A. Trapani (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3953-3961
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proapoptotic activity of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-4 protein in Drosophila: Implicated mechanisms for caspase activation.
H. Kanuka, S. Hisahara, K. Sawamoto, S.-i. Shoji, H. Okano, and M. Miura (1999)
PNAS 96, 145-150
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C. elegans MAC-1, an essential member of the AAA family of ATPases, can bind CED-4 and prevent cell death.
D Wu, P. Chen, S Chen, Y Hu, G Nunez, and R. Ellis (1999)
Development 126, 2021-2031
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mitochondria-dependent and -independent Regulation of Granzyme B-induced Apoptosis.
G. MacDonald, L. Shi, C. V. Velde, J. Lieberman, and A. H. Greenberg (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 189, 131-144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell death and cell protection genes determine the fate of pistils in maize.
A Calderon-Urrea and S. Dellaporta (1999)
Development 126, 435-441
   Abstract »    PDF »
Bcl-2 Prevents Caspase-independent Cell Death.
S.-i. Okuno, S. Shimizu, T. Ito, M. Nomura, E. Hamada, Y. Tsujimoto, and H. Matsuda (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34272-34277
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
WD-40 Repeat Region Regulates Apaf-1 Self-association and Procaspase-9 Activation.
Y. Hu, L. Ding, D. M. Spencer, and G. Nunez (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33489-33494
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caenorhabditis elegans EGL-1 Disrupts the Interaction of CED-9 with CED-4 and Promotes CED-3 Activation.
L. del Peso, V. M. Gonzalez, and G. Nunez (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33495-33500
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diva, a Bcl-2 Homologue that Binds Directly to Apaf-1 and Induces BH3-independent Cell Death.
N. Inohara, T. S. Gourley, R. Carrio, M. Muniz, J. Merino, I. Garcia, T. Koseki, Y. Hu, S. Chen, and G. Nunez (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32479-32486
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DEFT, a Novel Death Effector Domain-Containing Molecule Predominantly Expressed in Testicular Germ Cells.
C. P. Leo, S. Y. Hsu, E. A. McGee, M. Salanova, and A. J. W. Hsueh (1998)
Endocrinology 139, 4839-4848
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell death throes.
S. Cory (1998)
PNAS 95, 12077-12079
   Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-w is essential for spermatogenesis but appears otherwise redundant.
C. G. Print, K. L. Loveland, L. Gibson, T. Meehan, A. Stylianou, N. Wreford, D. de Kretser, D. Metcalf, F. Kontgen, J. M. Adams, et al. (1998)
PNAS 95, 12424-12431
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulated Targeting of BAX to Mitochondria.
I. S. Goping, A. Gross, J. N. Lavoie, M. Nguyen, R. Jemmerson, K. Roth, S. J. Korsmeyer, and G. C. Shore (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 143, 207-215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
E1B 19,000-Molecular-Weight Protein Interacts with and Inhibits CED-4-Dependent, FLICE-Mediated Apoptosis.
J. Han, H. D. Wallen, G. Nuñez, and E. White (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 6052-6062
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Apoptosis Induced by Drosophila Reaper and Grim in a Human System. ATTENUATION BY INHIBITOR OF APOPTOSIS PROTEINS (cIAPs).
J. V. McCarthy and V. M. Dixit (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24009-24015
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Death Receptors: Signaling and Modulation.
A. Ashkenazi and V. M. Dixit (1998)
Science 281, 1305-1308
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival.
J. M. Adams and S. Cory (1998)
Science 281, 1322-1326
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Essential Role of CED-4 Oligomerization in CED-3 Activation and Apoptosis.
X. Yang, H. Y. Chang, and D. Baltimore (1998)
Science 281, 1355-1357
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Regulation of Bcl-xl Channel Activity by Calcium.
M. Lam, M. B. Bhat, G. Nunez, J. Ma, and C. W. Distelhorst (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17307-17310
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Death Inhibitory Molecules CED-9 and CED-4L Use a Common Mechanism to Inhibit the CED-3 Death Protease.
D. Chaudhary, K. O'Rourke, A. M. Chinnaiyan, and V. M. Dixit (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17708-17712
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis : Basic Mechanisms and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.
A. Haunstetter and S. Izumo (1998)
Circ. Res. 82, 1111-1129
   Full Text »    PDF »
Signal Transduction and Signal Modulation by Cell Adhesion Receptors: The Role of Integrins, Cadherins, Immunoglobulin-Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Selectins.
A. E. Aplin, A. Howe, S. K. Alahari, and R. L. Juliano (1998)
Pharmacol. Rev. 50, 197-264
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
E1B 19K Inhibits Fas-mediated Apoptosis through FADD-dependent Sequestration of FLICE.
D. Perez and E. White (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 141, 1255-1266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Death-effector Filaments: Novel Cytoplasmic Structures that Recruit Caspases and Trigger Apoptosis.
R. M. Siegel, D. A. Martin, L. Zheng, S. Y. Ng, J. Bertin, J. Cohen, and M. J. Lenardo (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 141, 1243-1253
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteases to die for.
V. Cryns and J. Yuan (1998)
Genes & Dev. 12, 1551-1570
   Full Text »
Potassium Leakage During the Apoptotic Degradation Phase.
B. Dallaporta, T. Hirsch, S. A. Susin, N. Zamzami, N. Larochette, C. Brenner, I. Marzo, and G. Kroemer (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 5605-5615
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bax directly induces release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria.
J. M. Jurgensmeier, Z. Xie, Q. Deveraux, L. Ellerby, D. Bredesen, and J. C. Reed (1998)
PNAS 95, 4997-5002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ARC, an inhibitor of apoptosis expressed in skeletal muscle and heart that interacts selectively with caspases.
T. Koseki, N. Inohara, S. Chen, and G. Nunez (1998)
PNAS 95, 5156-5160
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-XL interacts with Apaf-1 and inhibits Apaf-1-dependent caspase-9 activation.
Y. Hu, M. A. Benedict, D. Wu, N. Inohara, and G. Nunez (1998)
PNAS 95, 4386-4391
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mtd, a Novel Bcl-2 Family Member Activates Apoptosis in the Absence of Heterodimerization with Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.
N. Inohara, D. Ekhterae, I. Garcia, R. Carrio, J. Merino, A. Merry, S. Chen, and G. Nunez (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8705-8710
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systemic Overexpression of BCL-2 in the Hematopoietic System Protects Transgenic Mice From the Consequences of Lethal Irradiation.
J. Domen, K. L. Gandy, and I. L. Weissman (1998)
Blood 91, 2272-2282
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synthetic activation of caspases: Artificial death switches.
R. A. MacCorkle, K. W. Freeman, and D. M. Spencer (1998)
PNAS 95, 3655-3660
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Herpes simplex virus 1 induces and blocks apoptosis at multiple steps during infection and protects cells from exogenous inducers in a cell-type-dependent manner.
V. Galvan and B. Roizman (1998)
PNAS 95, 3931-3936
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Caspase-3 Precursor Has a Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Distribution: Implications for Apoptotic Signaling.
M. Mancini, D. W. Nicholson, S. Roy, N. A. Thornberry, E. P. Peterson, L. A. Casciola-Rosen, and A. Rosen (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 140, 1485-1495
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Binding Properties and Biological Activities of Bcl-2 and Bax in Cells Exposed to Apoptotic Stimuli.
I. Otter, S. Conus, U. Ravn, M. Rager, R. Olivier, L. Monney, D. Fabbro, and C. Borner (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6110-6120
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Defects in the Ubiquitin Pathway Induce Caspase-independent Apoptosis Blocked by Bcl-2.
L. Monney, I. Otter, R. Olivier, H. L. Ozer, A. L. Haas, S. Omura, and C. Borner (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6121-6131
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caspase-9, Bcl-XL, and Apaf-1 Form a Ternary Complex.
G. Pan, K. O'Rourke, and V. M. Dixit (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5841-5845
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)