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Science 10 January 1997:
Vol. 275. no. 5297, pp. 187 - 191
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5297.187
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Reports
Diameter-Selective Raman Scattering from Vibrational Modes in
Carbon Nanotubes
A. M. Rao,
E. Richter,
Shunji Bandow,
Bruce Chase,
P. C. Eklund,
*
K. A. Williams,
S. Fang,
K. R. Subbaswamy,
M. Menon,
A. Thess,
R. E. Smalley,
G. Dresselhaus,
M. S. Dresselhaus
Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are found as close-packed
arrays in crystalline ropes have been studied by using Raman scattering
techniques with laser excitation wavelengths in the range from 514.5 to
1320 nanometers. Numerous Raman peaks were observed and identified with
vibrational modes of armchair symmetry (n,
n) SWNTs. The Raman spectra are in good agreement with lattice dynamics calculations based on C-C force constants used
to fit the two-dimensional, experimental phonon dispersion of a single
graphene sheet. Calculated intensities from a nonresonant, bond
polarizability model optimized for sp2 carbon
are also in qualitative agreement with the Raman data, although a
resonant Raman scattering process is also taking place. This resonance
results from the one-dimensional quantum confinement of the electrons
in the nanotube.
A. M. Rao and P. C. Eklund, Department of Physics and Astronomy
and Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
E. Richter, K. A. Williams, S. Fang, K. R. Subbaswamy, Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
40506-0055, USA.
S. Bandow, Instrument Center, Institute for Molecular Science,
Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan.
B. Chase, Dupont Experimental Station, E328163, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, DE 19880-0328, USA.
M. Menon, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for
Computational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
40506-0055, USA.
A. Thess and R. E. Smalley, Department of Chemistry, Rice University,
Houston, TX 77005, USA.
G. Dresselhaus, Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
M. S. Dresselhaus, Department of Physics and Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Read the Full Text
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