Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 11 October 1996:
Vol. 274. no. 5285, pp. 255 - 259
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5285.255
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Cholesterol Modification of Hedgehog Signaling Proteins in Animal Development

Jeffery A. Porter, Keith E. Young, Philip A. Beachy *

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins comprise a family of secreted signaling molecules essential for patterning a variety of structures in animal embryogenesis. During biosynthesis, Hh undergoes an autocleavage reaction, mediated by its carboxyl-terminal domain, that produces a lipid-modified amino-terminal fragment responsible for all known Hh signaling activity. Here it is reported that cholesterol is the lipophilic moiety covalently attached to the amino-terminal signaling domain during autoprocessing and that the carboxyl-terminal domain acts as an intramolecular cholesterol transferase. This use of cholesterol to modify embryonic signaling proteins may account for some of the effects of perturbed cholesterol biosynthesis on animal development.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Hedgehog signalling in endocrine development and disease.
P. J King, L. Guasti, and E. Laufer (2008)
J. Endocrinol. 198, 439-450
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hhat Is a Palmitoylacyltransferase with Specificity for N-Palmitoylation of Sonic Hedgehog.
J. A. Buglino and M. D. Resh (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 22076-22088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network.
E. Dessaud, A. P. McMahon, and J. Briscoe (2008)
Development 135, 2489-2503
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog Signaling in Postnatal Bone.
J. B. Regard and Y. Yang (2008)
IBMS BoneKEy 5, 243-252
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MEC-2 and MEC-6 in the Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Mechanotransduction Complex: Auxiliary Subunits that Enable Channel Activity.
A. L. Brown, Z. Liao, and M. B. Goodman (2008)
J. Gen. Physiol. 131, 605-616
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leukotriene Synthesis Is Required for Hedgehog-Dependent Neurite Projection in Neuralized Embryoid Bodies but Not for Motor Neuron Differentiation.
M. F. Bijlsma, M. P. Peppelenbosch, C. A. Spek, and H. Roelink (2008)
Stem Cells 26, 1138-1145
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Adventures of Sonic Hedgehog in Development and Repair. III. Hedgehog processing and biological activity.
S. F. Farzan, S. Singh, N. S. Schilling, and D. J. Robbins (2008)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294, G844-G849
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Statin Treatment in Hypercholesterolemic Pregnant Mice Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Their Offspring.
M. M. Elahi, F. R. Cagampang, F. W. Anthony, N. Curzen, S. K. Ohri, and M. A. Hanson (2008)
Hypertension 51, 939-944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Screen for Modifiers of Hedgehog Signaling in Drosophila melanogaster Identifies swm and mts.
D. J. Casso, S. Liu, D. D. Iwaki, S. K. Ogden, and T. B. Kornberg (2008)
Genetics 178, 1399-1413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lipoproteins and their receptors in embryonic development: more than cholesterol clearance.
T. E. Willnow, A. Hammes, and S. Eaton (2007)
Development 134, 3239-3249
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (I): Cardiogenic Induction and Heart Tube Formation.
M. Wagner and M. A. Q. Siddiqui (2007)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 232, 852-865
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ethanol Induces Cholesterol Efflux and Up-regulates ATP-binding Cassette Cholesterol Transporters in Fetal Astrocytes.
M. Guizzetti, J. Chen, J. F. Oram, R. Tsuji, K. Dao, T. Moller, and L. G. Costa (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18740-18749
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gas1 extends the range of Hedgehog action by facilitating its signaling.
D. C. Martinelli and C.-M. Fan (2007)
Genes & Dev. 21, 1231-1243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PPAR{delta} and its activator PGI2 are reduced in diabetic embryopathy: involvement of PPAR{delta} activation in lipid metabolic and signalling pathways in rat embryo early organogenesis.
R. Higa, E. Gonzalez, M.C. Pustovrh, V. White, E. Capobianco, N. Martinez, and A. Jawerbaum (2007)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 13, 103-110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog signaling.
M. Varjosalo and J. Taipale (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 3-6
   Full Text »    PDF »
Sprinter: a novel transmembrane protein required for Wg secretion and signaling.
R. M. Goodman, S. Thombre, Z. Firtina, D. Gray, D. Betts, J. Roebuck, E. P. Spana, and E. M. Selva (2006)
Development 133, 4901-4911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sonic hedgehog promotes CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation and modulates the expression of a subset of CD28-targeted genes.
V. S. F. Chan, S.-y. Chau, L. Tian, Y. Chen, S. K. Y. Kwong, J. Quackenbush, M. Dallman, J. Lamb, and P. K. H. Tam (2006)
Int. Immunol. 18, 1627-1636
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of hepatic cholesterol synthesis by a novel protein (SPF) that accelerates cholesterol biosynthesis.
N. Shibata, K.-i. Jishage, M. Arita, M. Watanabe, Y. Kawase, K. Nishikawa, Y. Natori, H. Inoue, H. Shimano, N. Yamada, et al. (2006)
FASEB J 20, 2642-2644
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conditional deletion of {beta}1 integrins in the intestinal epithelium causes a loss of Hedgehog expression, intestinal hyperplasia, and early postnatal lethality.
R. G. Jones, X. Li, P. D. Gray, J. Kuang, F. Clayton, W. S. Samowitz, B. B. Madison, D. L. Gumucio, and S. K. Kuwada (2006)
J. Cell Biol. 175, 505-514
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Palmitoylation of Ligands, Receptors, and Intracellular Signaling Molecules.
M. D. Resh (2006)
Sci. STKE 2006, re14
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog Morphogen in Cardiovascular Disease.
M. F. Bijlsma, M. P. Peppelenbosch, and C. A. Spek (2006)
Circulation 114, 1985-1991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epithelial Trafficking of Sonic Hedgehog By Megalin.
C. R. Morales, J. Zeng, M. El Alfy, J. L. Barth, M. R. Chintalapudi, R. A. McCarthy, J. P. Incardona, and W. S. Argraves (2006)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54, 1115-1127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cholesterol Precursors Stabilize Ordinary and Ceramide-rich Ordered Lipid Domains (Lipid Rafts) to Different Degrees: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BLOCH HYPOTHESIS AND STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS DISORDERS.
Megha, O. Bakht, and E. London (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 21903-21913
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer: Is Tobacco the "Smoking Gun"?.
V. Dasari, M. Gallup, H. Lemjabbar, I. Maltseva, and N. McNamara (2006)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 35, 3-9
   Full Text »    PDF »
DHCR24-Knockout Embryonic Fibroblasts Are Susceptible to Serum Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis Because of Dysfunction of Caveolae and Insulin-Akt-Bad Signaling.
X. Lu, F. Kambe, X. Cao, T. Yoshida, S. Ohmori, K. Murakami, T. Kaji, T. Ishii, D. Zadworny, and H. Seo (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 3123-3132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oxysterols stimulate Sonic hedgehog signal transduction and proliferation of medulloblastoma cells.
R. B. Corcoran and M. P. Scott (2006)
PNAS 103, 8408-8413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cholesterol modification restricts the spread of Shh gradient in the limb bud.
Y. Li, H. Zhang, Y. Litingtung, and C. Chiang (2006)
PNAS 103, 6548-6553
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signal dynamics in Sonic hedgehog tissue patterning.
K. Saha and D. V. Schaffer (2006)
Development 133, 889-900
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Highly Conserved Amino-terminal Region of Sonic Hedgehog Is Required for the Formation of Its Freely Diffusible Multimeric Form.
J. A. Goetz, S. Singh, L. M. Suber, F. J. Kull, and D. J. Robbins (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 4087-4093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog lipid modifications are required for Hedgehog stabilization in the extracellular matrix.
A. Callejo, C. Torroja, L. Quijada, and I. Guerrero (2006)
Development 133, 471-483
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The endocytic pathway and formation of the Wingless morphogen gradient.
E. Marois, A. Mahmoud, and S. Eaton (2006)
Development 133, 307-317
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maternal cholesterol in fetal development: transport of cholesterol from the maternal to the fetal circulation.
L. A Woollett (2005)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition 82, 1155-1161
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular mechanisms of Sonic hedgehog mutant effects in holoprosencephaly.
T. Maity, N. Fuse, and P. A. Beachy (2005)
PNAS 102, 17026-17031
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Splitting the Hedgehog signal: sex and patterning in Drosophila.
J. I. Horabin (2005)
Development 132, 4801-4810
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The function and expansion of the Patched- and Hedgehog-related homologs in C. elegans.
O. Zugasti, J. Rajan, and P. E. Kuwabara (2005)
Genome Res. 15, 1402-1410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transfer of maternal cholesterol to embryo and fetus in pregnant mice.
S. Yoshida and Y. Wada (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 2168-2174
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The MUC1 SEA Module Is a Self-cleaving Domain.
F. Levitin, O. Stern, M. Weiss, C. Gil-Henn, R. Ziv, Z. Prokocimer, N. I. Smorodinsky, D. B. Rubinstein, and D. H. Wreschner (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 33374-33386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A simple and rapid method to measure cholesterol binding to P450s and other proteins.
N. Mast and I. A. Pikuleva (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 1561-1568
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LRP2/megalin is required for patterning of the ventral telencephalon.
R. Spoelgen, A. Hammes, U. Anzenberger, D. Zechner, O. M. Andersen, B. Jerchow, and T. E. Willnow (2005)
Development 132, 405-414
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse Disp1 is required in sonic hedgehog-expressing cells for paracrine activity of the cholesterol-modified ligand.
H. Tian, J. Jeong, B. D. Harfe, C. J. Tabin, and A. P. McMahon (2005)
Development 132, 133-142
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inaugural Article: Biography of Philip A. Beachy.
M. Marino (2004)
PNAS 101, 17897-17899
   Full Text »    PDF »
Synergistic and antagonistic roles of the Sonic hedgehog N- and C-terminal lipids.
J. Feng, B. White, O. V. Tyurina, B. Guner, T. Larson, H. Y. Lee, R. O. Karlstrom, and J. D. Kohtz (2004)
Development 131, 4357-4370
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The cholesterol membrane anchor of the Hedgehog protein confers stable membrane association to lipid-modified proteins.
C. Peters, A. Wolf, M. Wagner, J. Kuhlmann, and H. Waldmann (2004)
PNAS 101, 8531-8536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Analysis of Novel Sonic Hedgehog Gene Mutations Identified in Basal Cell Carcinomas from Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients.
S. Couve-Privat, M. Le Bret, E. Traiffort, S. Queille, J. Coulombe, B. Bouadjar, M. F. Avril, M. Ruat, A. Sarasin, and L. Daya-Grosjean (2004)
Cancer Res. 64, 3559-3565
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Abrogation of heparan sulfate synthesis in Drosophila disrupts the Wingless, Hedgehog and Decapentaplegic signaling pathways.
D. J. Bornemann, J. E. Duncan, W. Staatz, S. Selleck, and R. Warrior (2004)
Development 131, 1927-1938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Metabolite-initiated protein misfolding may trigger Alzheimer's disease.
Q. Zhang, E. T. Powers, J. Nieva, M. E. Huff, M. A. Dendle, J. Bieschke, C. G. Glabe, A. Eschenmoser, P. Wentworth Jr., R. A. Lerner, et al. (2004)
PNAS 101, 4752-4757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The "CholesteROR" Protective Pathway in the Vascular System.
F. Boukhtouche, J. Mariani, and A. Tedgui (2004)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 637-643
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Palmitoylation is required for the production of a soluble multimeric Hedgehog protein complex and long-range signaling in vertebrates.
M.-H. Chen, Y.-J. Li, T. Kawakami, S.-M. Xu, and P.-T. Chuang (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 641-659
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ceramide Selectively Displaces Cholesterol from Ordered Lipid Domains (Rafts): IMPLICATIONS FOR LIPID RAFT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.
Megha and E. London (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9997-10004
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Cholesterol in the Regulation of Growth Plate Chondrogenesis and Longitudinal Bone Growth.
S. Wu and F. De Luca (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 4642-4647
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Formation of 7-dehydrocholesterol-containing membrane rafts in vitro and in vivo, with relevance to the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
R. K. Keller, T. P. Arnold, and S. J. Fliesler (2004)
J. Lipid Res. 45, 347-355
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila glypicans control the cell-to-cell movement of Hedgehog by a dynamin-independent process.
C. Han, T. Y. Belenkaya, B. Wang, and X. Lin (2004)
Development 131, 601-611
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three Drosophila EXT genes shape morphogen gradients through synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
Y. Takei, Y. Ozawa, M. Sato, A. Watanabe, and T. Tabata (2004)
Development 131, 73-82
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Greenberg dysplasia (HEM) and lethal X linked dominant Conradi-Hunermann chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2): presentation of two cases with overlapping phenotype.
A C Offiah, S Mansour, I Jeffrey, R Nash, N Whittock, R Pyper, S Bewley, P T Clayton, and C M Hall (2003)
J. Med. Genet. 40, e129-129
   Full Text »
Wnts and Hedgehogs: lipid-modified proteins and similarities in signaling mechanisms at the cell surface.
R. Nusse (2003)
Development 130, 5297-5305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sterol synthesis rates in adult and fetal tissues of the hamster: consequence of altered sterol balance.
K. E. Schmid and L. A. Woollett (2003)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285, G796-G803
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Embryonic Lethality Caused by Targeted Disruption of the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Gene.
K. Ohashi, J.-i. Osuga, R. Tozawa, T. Kitamine, H. Yagyu, M. Sekiya, S. Tomita, H. Okazaki, Y. Tamura, N. Yahagi, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 42936-42941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transport of cholesterol across a BeWo cell monolayer: implications for net transport of sterol from maternal to fetal circulation.
K. E. Schmid, W. S. Davidson, L. Myatt, and L. A. Woollett (2003)
J. Lipid Res. 44, 1909-1918
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteomic Changes during Disturbance of Cholesterol Metabolism by Azacoprostane Treatment in Caenorhabditis elegans.
B.-K. Choi, D. J. Chitwood, and Y.-K. Paik (2003)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2, 1086-1095
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Closing the Gap: Identification of Human 3-Ketosteroid Reductase, the Last Unknown Enzyme of Mammalian Cholesterol Biosynthesis.
Z. Marijanovic, D. Laubner, G. Moller, C. Gege, B. Husen, J. Adamski, and R. Breitling (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1715-1725
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The amount of sonic hedgehog in multiple sclerosis white matter is decreased and cleavage to the signaling peptide is deficient.
F. G Mastronardi, L. A. daCruz, H. Wang, J. Boggs, and M. A Moscarello (2003)
Multiple Sclerosis 9, 362-371
   Abstract »    PDF »
Lathosterolosis: an inborn error of human and murine cholesterol synthesis due to lathosterol 5-desaturase deficiency.
P. A. Krakowiak, C. A. Wassif, L. Kratz, D. Cozma, M. Kovarova, G. Harris, A. Grinberg, Y. Yang, A. G.W. Hunter, M. Tsokos, et al. (2003)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 1631-1641
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Emerging Roles for Hedgehog-Patched-Gli Signal Transduction in Reproduction.
D. O. Walterhouse, M. L.G. Lamm, E. Villavicencio, and P. M. Iannaccone (2003)
Biol Reprod 69, 8-14
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Possibility of Bacterial Recruitment of Plant Genes Associated with the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites.
H. B. Bode and R. Muller (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 1153-1161
   Full Text »    PDF »
Sonic hedgehog.
H S Heussler and M Suri (2003)
Mol. Pathol. 56, 129-131
   Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular mechanisms underlying limb anomalies associated with cholesterol deficiency during gestation: implications of Hedgehog signaling.
F. Gofflot, C. Hars, F. Illien, F. Chevy, C. Wolf, J. J. Picard, and C. Roux (2003)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 1187-1198
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural Features of Sterols Required to Inhibit Human Sperm Capacitation.
M. R. Nimmo and N. L. Cross (2003)
Biol Reprod 68, 1308-1317
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Megalin and the neurodevelopmental biology of sonic hedgehog and retinol.
R. A. McCarthy and W. S. Argraves (2003)
J. Cell Sci. 116, 955-960
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse dispatched mutants fail to distribute hedgehog proteins and are defective in hedgehog signaling.
T. Kawakami, T'N. Kawcak, Y.-J. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Hu, and P.-T. Chuang (2003)
Development 129, 5753-5765
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dephrin, a transmembrane ephrin with a unique structure, prevents interneuronal axons from exiting the Drosophila embryonic CNS.
T. Bossing and A. H. Brand (2003)
Development 129, 4205-4218
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
rasp, a putative transmembrane acyltransferase, is required for Hedgehog signaling.
C. A. Micchelli, I. The, E. Selva, V. Mogila, and N. Perrimon (2003)
Development 129, 843-851
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sterol effects and sites of sterol accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans: developmental requirement for 4{alpha}-methyl sterols.
M. Merris, W. G. Wadsworth, U. Khamrai, R. Bittman, D. J. Chitwood, and J. Lenard (2003)
J. Lipid Res. 44, 172-181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A direct requirement for Hedgehog signaling for normal specification of all ventral progenitor domains in the presumptive mammalian spinal cord.
M. Wijgerde, J. A. McMahon, M. Rule, and A. P. McMahon (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 2849-2864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Feedback inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome as demonstrated by urinary mevalonate excretion.
A. S. Pappu, R. D. Steiner, S. L. Connor, D. P. Flavell, D. S. Lin, L. Hatcher, D. R. Illingworth, and W. E. Connor (2002)
J. Lipid Res. 43, 1661-1669
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Limb malformations of rat fetuses exposed to a distal inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis.
F. Chevy, F. Illien, C. Wolf, and C. Roux (2002)
J. Lipid Res. 43, 1192-1200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ihh enhances differentiation of CFK-2 chondrocytic cells and antagonizes PTHrP-mediated activation of PKA.
R. A. Deckelbaum, G. Chan, D. Miao, D. Goltzman, and A. C. Karaplis (2002)
J. Cell Sci. 115, 3015-3025
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Megalin Functions as an Endocytic Sonic Hedgehog Receptor.
R. A. McCarthy, J. L. Barth, M. R. Chintalapudi, C. Knaak, and W. S. Argraves (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25660-25667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Squalene Synthase, a Key Enzyme of Sterol Biosynthesis, in Tobacco.
T. P. Devarenne, A. Ghosh, and J. Chappell (2002)
Plant Physiology 129, 1095-1106
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
When cell biology meets development: endocytic regulation of signaling pathways.
E. S. Seto, H. J. Bellen, and T. E. Lloyd (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 1314-1336
   Full Text »    PDF »
Brassinosteroids and Plant Steroid Hormone Signaling.
G. J. Bishop and C. Koncz (2002)
PLANT CELL 14, S97-110
   Full Text »    PDF »
Association of Multiple Developmental Defects and Embryonic Lethality with Loss of Microsomal NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase.
A. L. Shen, K. A. O'Leary, and C. B. Kasper (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 6536-6541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct roles of Central missing and Dispatched in sending the Hedgehog signal.
K. Amanai and J. Jiang (2001)
Development 128, 5119-5127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis-induced release of mature sterol regulatory element-binding proteins activates sterol-responsive genes.
M. E. Higgins and Y. A. Ioannou (2001)
J. Lipid Res. 42, 1939-1946
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog Signaling: A Tale of Two Lipids.
P. W. Ingham (2001)
Science 294, 1879-1881
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Mitochondrial Carbamoyl-phosphate Synthetase 1 Activity by Active Site Fatty Acylation.
M. M. Corvi, C.-L. M. Soltys, and L. G. Berthiaume (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 45704-45712
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fat Hedgehogs, Slower or Richer?.
M. van den Heuvel (2001)
Sci. STKE 2001, pe31
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inborn errors of metabolism: A cause of abnormal brain development.
A. Nissenkorn, M. Michelson, B. Ben-Zeev, and T. Lerman-Sagie (2001)
Neurology 56, 1265-1272
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The hedgehog pathway and basal cell carcinomas.
A. E. Bale and K.-p. Yu (2001)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 10, 757-762
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Caveolin Dominant Negative Mutant Associates with Lipid Bodies and Induces Intracellular Cholesterol Imbalance.
A. Pol, R. Luetterforst, M. Lindsay, S. Heino, E. Ikonen, and R. G. Parton (2001)
J. Cell Biol. 152, 1057-1070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cholesterol su