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Science 6 September 1996:
Vol. 273. no. 5280, pp. 1399 - 1402
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5280.1399
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Reports

A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in Humans

Barbara J. Knowlton, Jennifer A. Mangels, Larry R. Squire *

Amnesic patients and nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease were given a probabilistic classification task in which they learned which of two outcomes would occur on each trial, given the particular combination of cues that appeared. Amnesic patients exhibited normal learning of the task but had severely impaired declarative memory for the training episode. In contrast, patients with Parkinson's disease failed to learn the probabilistic classification task, despite having intact memory for the training episode. This double dissociation shows that the limbic-diencephalic regions damaged in amnesia and the neostriatum damaged in Parkinson's disease support separate and parallel learning systems. In humans, the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) is essential for the gradual, incremental learning of associations that is characteristic of habit learning. The neostriatum is important not just for motor behavior and motor learning but also for acquiring nonmotor dispositions and tendencies that depend on new associations.

B. J. Knowlton, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
J. A. Mangels, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, North York, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2El, Canada.
L. R. Squire, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92l6l, USA, and Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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