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Science 6 September 1996:
Vol. 273. no. 5280, pp. 1377 - 1380
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5280.1377
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Reports

Purification and Molecular Cloning of Plx1, a Cdc25-Regulatory Kinase from Xenopus Egg Extracts

Akiko Kumagai and William G. Dunphy

Cdc2, the cyclin-dependent kinase that controls mitosis, is negatively regulated by phosphorylation on its threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 residues. Cdc25, the phosphatase that dephosphorylates both of these residues, undergoes activation and phosphorylation by multiple kinases at mitosis. Plx1, a kinase that associates with and phosphorylates the amino-terminal domain of Cdc25, was purified extensively from Xenopus egg extracts. Cloning of its complementary DNA revealed that Plx1 is related to the Polo family of protein kinases. Recombinant Plx1 phosphorylated Cdc25 and stimulated its activity in a purified system. Cdc25 phosphorylated by Plx1 reacted strongly with MPM-2, a monoclonal antibody to mitotic phosphoproteins. These studies indicate that Plx1 may participate in control of mitotic progression.

Division of Biology, 216-76, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.


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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Plk2 (Snk) in Mouse Development and Cell Proliferation.
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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Cdc2/Cyclin B Activation in Xenopus Egg Extracts via Inhibitory Phosphorylation of Cdc25C Phosphatase by Ca2+/Calmodium-dependent Kinase II.
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Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 4003-4014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation of mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 by polo-like kinase 1 is required for cytokinesis.
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J. Cell Biol. 162, 863-876
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Silencing of the Novel p53 Target Gene Snk/Plk2 Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe in Paclitaxel (Taxol)-Exposed Cells.
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Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 5556-5571
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Identification of a Consensus Motif for Plk (Polo-like Kinase) Phosphorylation Reveals Myt1 as a Plk1 Substrate.
H. Nakajima, F. Toyoshima-Morimoto, E. Taniguchi, and E. Nishida (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25277-25280
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Physical and functional interactions between polo kinase and the spindle pole component Cut12 regulate mitotic commitment in S. pombe.
F. H. MacIver, K. Tanaka, A. M. Robertson, and I. M. Hagan (2003)
Genes & Dev. 17, 1507-1523
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Stk10, a New Member of the Polo-like Kinase Kinase Family Highly Expressed in Hematopoietic Tissue.
S. A. Walter, R. E. Cutler Jr., R. Martinez, M. Gishizky, and R. J. Hill (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18221-18228
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Polo boxes form a single functional domain that mediates interactions with multiple proteins in fission yeast polo kinase.
N. Reynolds and H. Ohkura (2003)
J. Cell Sci. 116, 1377-1387
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Under arrest: cytostatic factor (CSF)-mediated metaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs.
B. J. Tunquist and J. L. Maller (2003)
Genes & Dev. 17, 683-710
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The Serum-Inducible Protein Kinase Snk Is a G1 Phase Polo-Like Kinase That Is Inhibited by the Calcium- and Integrin-Binding Protein CIB.
S. Ma, M.-A. Liu, Y.-L. O. Yuan, and R. L. Erikson (2003)
Mol. Cancer Res. 1, 376-384
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Polo-like Kinase 1 and Chk2 Interact and Co-localize to Centrosomes and the Midbody.
L. Tsvetkov, X. Xu, J. Li, and D. F. Stern (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 8468-8475
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteomic Screen Finds pSer/pThr-Binding Domain Localizing Plk1 to Mitotic Substrates.
A. E. H. Elia, L. C. Cantley, and M. B. Yaffe (2003)
Science 299, 1228-1231
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Translocation of Plk1 Mediated by Its Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal.
E. Taniguchi, F. Toyoshima-Morimoto, and E. Nishida (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 48884-48888
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation of Threonine 210 and the Role of Serine 137 in the Regulation of Mammalian Polo-like Kinase.
Y.-J. Jang, S. Ma, Y. Terada, and R. L. Erikson (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44115-44120
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Identification and Characterization of the Marine Natural Product Scytonemin as a Novel Antiproliferative Pharmacophore.
C. S. Stevenson, E. A. Capper, A. K. Roshak, B. Marquez, C. Eichman, J. R. Jackson, M. Mattern, W. H. Gerwick, R. S. Jacobs, and L. A. Marshall (2002)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303, 858-866
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Plk Phosphorylation Regulates the Microtubule-Stabilizing Protein TCTP.
F. R. Yarm (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 6209-6221
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A Spindle Checkpoint Arrest and a Cytokinesis Failure by the Dominant-negative Polo-box Domain of Plk1 in U-2 OS Cells.
Y.-S. Seong, K. Kamijo, J.-S. Lee, E. Fernandez, R. Kuriyama, T. Miki, and K. S. Lee (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 32282-32293
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Polo-Like Kinase-1 Is a Pivotal Regulator of Microtubule Assembly During Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Mitosis.
C. Tong, H.-Y. Fan, L. Lian, S.-W. Li, D.-Y. Chen, H. Schatten, and Q.-Y. Sun (2002)
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Cell Cycle-regulated Phosphorylation of the Xenopus Polo-like Kinase Plx1.
O. Kelm, M. Wind, W. D. Lehmann, and E. A. Nigg (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25247-25256
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Activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and inhibition of centrosome amplification in cells depleted of Plk1 by siRNA.
X. Liu and R. L. Erikson (2002)
PNAS 99, 8672-8676
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Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induced by Human Polo-Like Kinase 3 Is Mediated through Perturbation of Microtubule Integrity.
Q. Wang, S. Xie, J. Chen, K. Fukasawa, U. Naik, F. Traganos, Z. Darzynkiewicz, M. Jhanwar-Uniyal, and W. Dai (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 3450-3459
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The Cyclin-Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Cyclosome/APC Is Jointly Activated by Protein Kinases Cdk1-Cyclin B and Plk.
A. Golan, Y. Yudkovsky, and A. Hershko (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15552-15557
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Mass Spectrometry-based Methods for Phosphorylation Site Mapping of Hyperphosphorylated Proteins Applied to Net1, a Regulator of Exit from Mitosis in Yeast.
S. Loughrey Chen, M. J. Huddleston, W. Shou, R. J. Deshaies, R. S. Annan, and S. A. Carr (2002)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 1, 186-196
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Functional studies on the role of the C-terminal domain of mammalian polo-like kinase.
Y.-J. Jang, C.-Y. Lin, S. Ma, and R. L. Erikson (2002)
PNAS 99, 1984-1989
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Polo-like Kinase-1 by DNA Damage Occurs in an ATM- or ATR-dependent Fashion.
M. A. T. M. van Vugt, V. A. J. Smits, R. Klompmaker, and R. H. Medema (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41656-41660
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sak Serine-Threonine Kinase Acts as an Effector of Tec Tyrosine Kinase.
Y. Yamashita, S. Kajigaya, K. Yoshida, S. Ueno, J. Ota, K. Ohmine, M. Ueda, A. Miyazato, K.-i. Ohya, T. Kitamura, et al. (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 39012-39020
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cdc5 Interacts with the Wee1 Kinase in Budding Yeast.
C. R. Bartholomew, S. H. Woo, Y. S. Chung, C. Jones, and C. F. J. Hardy (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 4949-4959
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Absence of Apparent Phenotype in Mice Lacking Cdc25C Protein Phosphatase.
M.-S. Chen, J. Hurov, L. S. White, T. Woodford-Thomas, and H. Piwnica-Worms (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 3853-3861
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The Polo-like Kinase Plx1 Is Required for Activation of the Phosphatase Cdc25C and Cyclin B-Cdc2 in Xenopus Oocytes.
Y.-W. Qian, E. Erikson, F. E. Taieb, and J. L. Maller (2001)
Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 1791-1799
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Mitotic Phosphorylation of Golgi Reassembly Stacking Protein 55 by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase ERK2.
S. A. Jesch, T. S. Lewis, N. G. Ahn, and A. D. Linstedt (2001)
Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 1811-1817
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Metaphase Arrest with Centromere Separation in polo Mutants of Drosophila.
M. M. Donaldson, A. A.M. Tavares, H. Ohkura, P. Deak, and D. M. Glover (2001)
J. Cell Biol. 153, 663-676
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Regulation of Op18 during Spindle Assembly in Xenopus Egg Extracts.
P. P. Budde, A. Kumagai, W. G. Dunphy, and R. Heald (2001)
J. Cell Biol. 153, 149-158
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Polo-like Kinase Interacts with Proteasomes and Regulates Their Activity.
Y. Feng, D. L. Longo, and D. K. Ferris (2001)
Cell Growth Differ. 12, 29-37
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Dominant-Negative Polo-like Kinase 1 Induces Mitotic Catastrophe Independent of cdc25C Function.
J. P. Cogswell, C. E. Brown, J. E. Bisi, and S. D. Neill (2000)
Cell Growth Differ. 11, 615-623
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Incomplete Cytokinesis and Induction of Apoptosis by Overexpression of the Mammalian Polo-Like Kinase, Plk3.
C. W. Conn, R. F. Hennigan, W. Dai, Y. Sanchez, and P. J. Stambrook (2000)
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C. F. Cullen, K. M. May, I. M. Hagan, D. M. Glover, and H. Ohkura (2000)
Genetics 155, 1521-1534
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Phosphorylation by Cdc28 Activates the Cdc20-dependent Activity of the Anaphase-promoting Complex.
A. D. Rudner and A. W. Murray (2000)
J. Cell Biol. 149, 1377-1390
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitotic Regulation of the APC Activator Proteins CDC20 and CDH1.
E. R. Kramer, N. Scheuringer, A. V. Podtelejnikov, M. Mann, and J.-M. Peters (2000)
Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 1555-1569
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Failure of pronuclear migration and repeated divisions of polar body nuclei associated with MTOC defects in polo eggs of Drosophila.
M. Riparbelli, G Callaini, and D. Glover (2000)
J. Cell Sci. 113, 3341-3350
   Abstract »    PDF »
Progesterone regulates the accumulation and the activation of Eg2 kinase in Xenopus oocytes.
M Frank-Vaillant, O Haccard, C Thibier, R Ozon, Y Arlot-Bonnemains, C Prigent, and C Jessus (2000)
J. Cell Sci. 113, 1127-1138
   Abstract »    PDF »
Essential Function of the Polo Box of Cdc5 in Subcellular Localization and Induction of Cytokinetic Structures.
S. Song, T. Z. Grenfell, S. Garfield, R. L. Erikson, and K. S. Lee (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 286-298
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Xenopus Suc1/Cks Protein Promotes the Phosphorylation of G2/M Regulators.
D. Patra, S. X. Wang, A. Kumagai, and W. G. Dunphy (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 36839-36842
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The polo-box-dependent induction of ectopic septal structures by a mammalian polo kinase, Plk, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
K. S. Lee, S. Song, and R. L. Erikson (1999)
PNAS 96, 14360-14365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitotic Effects of a Constitutively Active Mutant of the Xenopus Polo-Like Kinase Plx1.
Y.-W. Qian, E. Erikson, and J. L. Maller (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 8625-8632
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A quantitative analysis of the kinetics of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint system.
B. D. Aguda (1999)
PNAS 96, 11352-11357
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A p90rsk Mutant Constitutively Interacting with MAP Kinase Uncouples MAP Kinase from p34cdc2/Cyclin B Activation in Xenopus Oocytes.
A.-C. Gavin, A. N. Ainle, E. Chierici, M. Jones, and A. R. Nebreda (1999)
Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 2971-2986
   Abstract »    Full Text »


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