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Science 3 May 1996:
Vol. 272. no. 5262, pp. 685 - 688
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5262.685
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Articles

Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis

Jan L. Breslow

As a species the mouse is highly resistant to atherosclerosis. However, through induced mutations it has been possible to develop lines of mice that are susceptible to this disease. For example, mice that are deficient in apolipoprotein E, a ligand important in lipoprotein clearance, develop atherosclerotic lesions resembling those observed in humans. These lesions are exacerbated when the mice are fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat, Western-type diet. Other promising models are mice that are deficient in the low density lipoprotein receptor and transgenic mice that express human apolipoprotein B and transdominant mutant forms of apolipoprotein E. These models are now being used to study the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as the influence of genetics, environment, hormones, and drugs on lesion development.

The author is in the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.


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Circ. Res. 94, 575-584
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E. Tupin, A. Nicoletti, R. Elhage, M. Rudling, H.-G. Ljunggren, G. K. Hansson, and G. P. Berne (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 199, 417-422
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J. Lipid Res. 45, 272-280
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Exercise Training Reduces Neointimal Growth and Stabilizes Vascular Lesions Developing After Injury in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.
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Circulation 109, 386-392
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Improved Analysis of the Vascular Response to Arterial Ligation Using a Multivariate Approach.
D. L. Myers and L. Liaw (2004)
Am. J. Pathol. 164, 43-48
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Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis for Plasma HDL-Cholesterol Concentrations and Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Between Inbred Mouse Strains C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ.
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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24, 161-166
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Association of Aortic Atherosclerosis with Cerebral {beta}-Amyloidosis and Learning Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
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Am. J. Pathol. 163, 2155-2164
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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 1979-1989
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Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 1501-1509
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Impaired ABCA1-dependent Lipid Efflux and Hypoalphalipoproteinemia in Human Niemann-Pick type C Disease.
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J. Biol. Chem. 278, 32569-32577
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Small babies receive the cardiovascular protective apolipoprotein {varepsilon}2 allele less frequently than expected.
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J. Med. Genet. 40, 626-629
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Neuropeptide Y-Induced Acceleration of Postangioplasty Occlusion of Rat Carotid Artery.
L. Li, E. W. Lee, H. Ji, and Z. Zukowska (2003)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 1204-1210
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Effects of MF-tricyclic, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on atherosclerosis progression and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus replication in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice.
D. Rott, J. Zhu, M. S. Burnett, Y. i F. u Zhou, A. Zalles-Ganley, J. Ogunmakinwa, and S. E. Epstein (2003)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1812-1819
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Hyperhomocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerosis in cystathionine beta -synthase and apolipoprotein E double knock-out mice with and without dietary perturbation.
H. Wang, X. Jiang, F. Yang, J. W. Gaubatz, L. Ma, M. J. Magera, X. Yang, P. B. Berger, W. Durante, H. J. Pownall, et al. (2003)
Blood 101, 3901-3907
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The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Complexes with Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans to Regulate Proteoglycan-mediated Lipoprotein Catabolism.
L. C. Wilsie and R. A. Orlando (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 15758-15764
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Dietary sodium chloride restriction enhances aortic wall lipid storage and raises plasma lipid concentration in LDL receptor knockout mice.
S. Catanozi, J. C. Rocha, M. Passarelli, M. L. Guzzo, C. Alves, L. N. S. Furukawa, V. S. Nunes, E. R. Nakandakare, J. C. Heimann, and E. C. R. Quintao (2003)
J. Lipid Res. 44, 727-732
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Increased Medial Degradation With Pseudo-Aneurysm Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice Deficient in Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1.
V. Lemaitre, P. D. Soloway, and J. D'Armiento (2003)
Circulation 107, 333-338
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Long-Term Vitamin C Treatment Increases Vascular Tetrahydrobiopterin Levels and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity.
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Circ. Res. 92, 88-95
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J. Nutr. 131, 1675-1681
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Mixed allogeneic chimerism with wild-type strains ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
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J. Leukoc. Biol. 69, 732-740
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Hypercholesterolemia Exacerbates Virus-Induced Immunopathologic Liver Disease Via Suppression of Antiviral Cytotoxic T Cell Responses.
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J. Immunol. 166, 3369-3376
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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Deficiency Does Not Affect the Susceptibility of Mice to Atherosclerosis but Increases Collagen Content in Lesions.
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Circulation 103, 1115-1120
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ApoA-II expression in CETP transgenic mice increases VLDL production and impairs VLDL clearance.
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J. Lipid Res. 42, 241-248
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Sphingomyelinase Converts Lipoproteins From Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Into Potent Inducers of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation.
S. Marathe, Y. Choi, A. R. Leventhal, and I. Tabas (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 2607-2613
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The APO*E3-Leiden mouse as an animal model for basal laminar deposit.
M. Kliffen, E. Lutgens, M. J A P Daemen, E. D de Muinck, C. M Mooy, and P. T V M de Jong (2000)
Br J Ophthalmol 84, 1415-1419
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Genetic Modifiers of Atherosclerosis in Mice.
J. W. Knowles and N. Maeda (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 2336-2345
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Intramuscular injection of a plasmid vector expressing human apolipoprotein E limits progression of xanthoma and aortic atheroma in apoE-deficient mice.
T. Athanasopoulos, J. S. Owen, D. Hassall, M. G. Dunckley, J. Drew, J. Goodman, A. D. Tagalakis, D. R. Riddell, and G. Dickson (2000)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 9, 2545-2551
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polymorphism of class A scavenger receptors in C57BL/6 mice.
A. Daugherty, S. C. Whitman, A. E. Block, and D. L. Rateri (2000)
J. Lipid Res. 41, 1568-1577
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Vascular calcification--a passive process in need of inhibitors.
T. Schinke and G. Karsenty (2000)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 15, 1272-1274
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Role of Macrophage-Derived Lipoprotein Lipase in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerosis.
M. Van Eck, R. Zimmermann, P. H. E. Groot, R. Zechner, and T. J. C. Van Berkel (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20 , e53-e62
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overexpression of 15-Lipoxygenase in Vascular Endothelium Accelerates Early Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice.
D. Harats, A. Shaish, J. George, M. Mulkins, H. Kurihara, H. Levkovitz, and E. Sigal (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 2100-2105
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apolipoprotein epsilon 2 Allele Is Associated With an Anti-atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Children: The Columbia University BioMarkers Study.
C. R. Isasi, S. Shea, R. J. Deckelbaum, S. C. Couch, T. J. Starc, J. D. Otvos, and L. Berglund (2000)
Pediatrics 106, 568-575
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Chlamydia pneumoniae Induces Inflammatory Changes in the Heart and Aorta of Normocholesterolemic C57BL/6J Mice.
E. Blessing, T.-M. Lin, L. A. Campbell, M. E. Rosenfeld, D. Lloyd, and C.-c. Kuo (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 4765-4768
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Expression of human apolipoprotein A-II in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice induces features of familial combined hyperlipidemia.
J. C. Escolà-Gil, J. Julve, A. Marzal-Casacuberta, J. Ordóñez-Llanos, F. González-Sastre, and F. Blanco-Vaca (2000)
J. Lipid Res. 41, 1328-1338
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ApoE in Atherosclerosis : A Protein With Multiple Hats.
L. K. Curtiss (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 1852-1853
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor of Macrophages Facilitates Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in C57Bl/6 Mice.
N. Herijgers, M. Van Eck, P. H. E. Groot, P. M. Hoogerbrugge, and T. J. C. Van Berkel (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 1961-1967
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Ultrastructural Changes in Bruch's Membrane of Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.
S. Dithmar, C. A. Curcio, N.-A. Le, S. Brown, and H. E. Grossniklaus (2000)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 2035-2042
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Genetic Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis : Insights From Mice.
D. J. Rader and E. Pure (2000)
Circ. Res. 86, 1013-1015
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Prominent Role of P-Selectin in the Development of Advanced Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice.
Z. M. Dong, A. A. Brown, and D. D. Wagner (2000)
Circulation 101, 2290-2295
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene Transfer and Hepatic Overexpression of the HDL Receptor SR-BI Reduces Atherosclerosis in the Cholesterol-Fed LDL Receptor-Deficient Mouse.
K. F. Kozarsky, M. H. Donahee, J. M. Glick, M. Krieger, and D. J. Rader (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 721-727
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Atherosclerosis Progression in LDL Receptor-Deficient and Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Is Independent of Genetic Alterations in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1.
H. Sjoland, D. T. Eitzman, D. Gordon, R. Westrick, E. G. Nabel, and D. Ginsburg (2000)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 846-852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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