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Science 12 April 1996:
Vol. 272. no. 5259, pp. 246 - 249
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5259.246
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Reports
History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and
Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice
Sungmin Hong,
Jean-Pierre Candelone,
Clair
C. Patterson,
*
Claude F. Boutron
Determination of copper concentrations in Greenland ice dated from
seven millennia ago to the present showed values exceeding natural
levels, beginning about 2500 years ago. This early large-scale
pollution of the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere is attributed to
emissions from the crude, highly polluting smelting technologies used
for copper production during Roman and medieval times, especially in
Europe and China. This study opens the way to a quantitative assessment
of the history of early metal production, which was instrumental in the
development of human cultures during ancient eras.
S. Hong, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de
l'Environnement du CNRS, 54 rue Molière, Domaine Universitaire,
Boite Postale 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
J.-P. Candelone, Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University of
Technology, General Post Office Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6001, Australia,
and Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement
du CNRS, 54 rue Molière, Domaine Universitaire, Boite Postale 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
C. C. Patterson, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
C. F. Boutron, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de
l'Environnement du CNRS, 54 rue Molière, Domaine Universitaire,
Boite Postale 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France, and
Unité de Farmation et de Recherche de Mécanique,
Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble (Institut Universitaire de
France), Domaine Universitaire, Boite Postale 68, 38041 Grenoble,
France.
*
This paper is dedicated to the memory of C. C. Patterson.
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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