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Science 15 March 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5255, pp. 1519 - 1526
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5255.1519
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Articles

Common Principles of Protein Translocation Across Membranes

Gottfried Schatz * and Bernhard Dobberstein

Most major systems that transport proteins across a membrane share the following features: an amino-terminal transient signal sequence on the transported protein, a targeting system on the cis side of the membrane, a hetero-oligomeric transmembrane channel that is gated both across and within the plane of the membrane, a peripherally attached protein translocation motor that is powered by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate, and a protein folding system on the trans side of the membrane. These transport systems are divided into two families: export systems that export proteins out of the cytosol, and import systems that transport proteins into cytosol-like compartments.

G. Schatz is at the Biozentrum der Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. B. Dobberstein is at the Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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Membrane Topology and Insertion of Membrane Proteins: Search for Topogenic Signals.
M. van Geest and J. S. Lolkema (2000)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 13-33
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Tim18p, a New Subunit of the TIM22 Complex That Mediates Insertion of Imported Proteins into the Yeast Mitochondrial Inner Membrane.
C. M. Koehler, M. P. Murphy, N. A. Bally, D. Leuenberger, W. Oppliger, L. Dolfini, T. Junne, G. Schatz, and E. Or (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1187-1193
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Chloroplast Oxa1p Homolog Albino3 Is Required for Post-translational Integration of the Light Harvesting Chlorophyll-binding Protein into Thylakoid Membranes.
M. Moore, M. S. Harrison, E. C. Peterson, and R. Henry (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1529-1532
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The central matrix loop drives import of uncoupling protein 1 into mitochondria.
E Schleiff and H McBride (2000)
J. Cell Sci. 113, 2267-2272
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Novel Mutations of the Cathepsin K Gene in Patients with Pycnodysostosis and Their Characterization.
Y. Fujita, K. Nakata, N. Yasui, Y. Matsui, E. Kataoka, K. Hiroshima, R.-i. Shiba, and T. Ochi (2000)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 425-431
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The Tom Core Complex: The General Protein Import Pore of the Outer Membrane of Mitochondria.
U. Ahting, C. Thun, R. Hegerl, D. Typke, F. E. Nargang, W. Neupert, and S. Nussberger (1999)
J. Cell Biol. 147, 959-968
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A Novel NH2-terminal, Nonhydrophobic Motif Targets a Male Germ Cell-specific Hexokinase to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Plasma Membrane.
A. J. Travis, D. Sui, K. D. Riedel, N. R. Hofmann, S. B. Moss, J. E. Wilson, and G. S. Kopf (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34467-34475
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Pex12 Interacts with Pex5 and Pex10 and Acts Downstream of Receptor Docking in Peroxisomal Matrix Protein Import.
C.-C. Chang, D. S. Warren, K. A. Sacksteder, and S. J. Gould (1999)
J. Cell Biol. 147, 761-774
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The dimensions of the protein import channels in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
M. P. Schwartz and A. Matouschek (1999)
PNAS 96, 13086-13090
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transmembrane Segment (TMS) VIII of the Na+/Citrate Transporter CitS Requires Downstream TMS IX for Insertion in the Escherichia coli Membrane.
M. van Geest and J. S. Lolkema (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29705-29711
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