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Science 22 December 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5244, pp. 2012 - 2014
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5244.2012
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Reports

Evolution of Body Size in the Woodrat over the Past 25,000 Years of Climate Change

Felisa A. Smith (1),  Julio L. Betancourt,  James H. Brown

Microevolutionary changes in the body size of the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea) since the last glacial maximum were estimated from measurements of fecal pellets preserved in paleomiddens from the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau of the United States. The changes closely track regional temperature fluctuations simulated by the Community Climate Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and also those estimated from deuterium isotope ratios of plant cellulose recovered from paleomiddens. Body size decreased during periods of climatic warming, as predicted from Bergmann's rule and from physiological responses to temperature stress. Fossil woodrat middens, by providing detailed temporal sequences of body sizes from many locations, permit precise quantification of responses to climatic change that have occurred in the past and may occur in the future.


F. A. Smith and J. H. Brown, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
J. L. Betancourt, U.S. Geological Survey Desert Laboratory, 1675 West Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA.
(1) To whom correspondence should be addressed.
W. J. Lucas, S. Bouché-Pillon, L. Nguyen, L. Baker, B. Ding, Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
D. P. Jackson and S. Hake, U.S. Department of Agriculture-University of California Berkeley Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
(2) To whom correspondence should be addressed.
(3) Present address: Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.


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