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Science 15 December 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5243, pp. 1783 - 1788
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5243.1783
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Research Articles

Multiple TAFIIs Directing Synergistic Activation of Transcription

Frank Sauer,  Stig K. Hansen,  Robert Tjian

Coordinate activation of transcription by multiple enhancer binding factors is essential for the regulation of pattern formation during development of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell-free transcription reactions are described that recapitulate transcriptional synergism directed by the Drosophila developmental regulators Bicoid (BCD) and Hunchback (HB). Within the basal transcription factor complex TFIID, two specific targets, TAFII110 and TAFII60, served as coactivators to mediate transcriptional activation by these two enhancer binding proteins. A quadruple complex containing TATA binding protein (TBP), TAFII250, TAFII110, and TAFII60 mediated transcriptional synergism by BCD and HB, whereas triple TBP-TAFII complexes lacking one or the other target coactivator failed to support synergistic activation. Deoxyribonuclease I footprint protection experiments revealed that an integral step leading to transcriptional synergism involves the recruitment of TBP-TAFII complexes to the promoter by way of multivalent contacts between activators and selected TAFIIs. Thus, the concerted action of multiple regulators with different coactivators helps to establish the pattern and level of segmentation gene transcription during Drosophila development.


The authors are at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.


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B M Shykind, J Kim, L Stewart, J J Champoux, and P A Sharp (1997)
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Drosophila TFIIE: Purification, cloning, and functional reconstitution.
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Molecular cloning and analysis of two subunits of the human TFIID complex: hTAFII130 and hTAFII100.
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SREBP transcriptional activity is mediated through an interaction with the CREB-binding protein..
J D Oliner, J M Andresen, S K Hansen, S Zhou, and R Tjian (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 2903-2911
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Assembly of the isomerized TFIIA--TFIID--TATA ternary complex is necessary and sufficient for gene activation..
T Chi and M Carey (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 2540-2550
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Yeast TAF(II)90 is required for cell-cycle progression through G2/M but not for general transcription activation..
L M Apone, C M Virbasius, J C Reese, and M R Green (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 2368-2380
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Homeodomain Interaction with the beta Subunit of the General Transcription Factor TFIIE.
A. Zhu and M. A. Kuziora (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20993-20996
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Sequences Outside the Homeodomain of Bicoid Are Required for Protein-Protein Interaction.
D. Yuan, X. Ma, and J. Ma (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 21660-21665
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Multiple Interactions between hTAFII55 and Other TFIID Subunits. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FORMATION OF STABLE TERNARY COMPLEXES BETWEEN hTAFII55 AND THE TATA-BINDING PROTEIN.
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J. Biol. Chem. 271, 19774-19780
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Cloning and Characterization of Human TAF20/15. MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS SUGGEST A CENTRAL ROLE IN TFIID COMPLEX FORMATION.
A. Hoffmann and R. G. Roeder (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 18194-18202
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Transcriptional Regulation of the SIS/PDGF-B Gene in Human Osteosarcoma Cells by the Sp Family of Transcription Factors.
Y. Liang, D. F. Robinson, Jör. Dennig, G. Suske, and W. E. Fahl (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 11792-11797
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neither the homeodomain nor the activation domain of Bicoid is specifically required for its down-regulation by the Torso receptor tyrosine kinase cascade.
Y Bellaiche, R Bandyopadhyay, C Desplan, and N Dostatni (1996)
Development 122, 3499-3508
   Abstract »    PDF »
DNA Template and Activator-Coactivator Requirements for Transcriptional Synergism by Drosophila Bicoid.
F. Sauer, S. K. Hansen, and R. Tjian (1995)
Science 270, 1825-1828
   Abstract »    PDF »
c-Jun Binds the N Terminus of Human TAFII250 to Derepress RNA Polymerase II Transcription in Vitro.
T. N. Lively, H. A. Ferguson, S. K. Galasinski, A. G. Seto, and J. A. Goodrich (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 25582-25588
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluorescence-based Analyses of the Effects of Full-length Recombinant TAF130p on the Interaction of TATA Box-binding Protein with TATA Box DNA.
U. Banik, J. M. Beechem, E. Klebanow, S. Schroeder, and P. A. Weil (2001)
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