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Science 8 December 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5242, pp. 1601 - 1607
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5242.1601
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Special

Telomeres: Beginning to Understand the End

Virginia A. Zakian

Telomeres are the protein-DNA structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. In yeast, and probably most other eukaryotes, telomeres are essential. They allow the cell to distinguish intact from broken chromosomes, protect chromosomes from degradation, and are substrates for novel replication mechanisms. Telomeres are usually replicated by telomerase, a telomere-specific reverse transcriptase, although telomerase-independent mechanisms of telomere maintenance exist. Telomere replication is both cell cycle- and developmentally regulated, and its control is likely to be complex. Because telomere loss causes the kinds of chromosomal changes associated with cancer and aging, an understanding of telomere biology has medical relevance.


The author is in the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.


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Differences in telomere length between homologous chromosomes in humans.
J. A. Londono-Vallejo, H. DerSarkissian, L. Cazes, and G. Thomas (2001)
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The length of telomeric G-rich strand 3'-overhang measured by oligonucleotide ligation assay.
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J. Xu and X. Yang (2001)
Biol Reprod 64, 770-774
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C. K. Lai, J. R. Mitchell, and K. Collins (2001)
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L. P. Ford, J. M. Suh, W. E. Wright, and J. W. Shay (2000)
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Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 1564-1575
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Manifestations and Molecular Determinants of Telomere Capping.
E.H. BLACKBURN, S. CHAN, J. CHANG, T.B. FULTON, A. KRAUSKOPF, M. MCEACHERN, J. PRESCOTT, J. ROY, C. SMITH, and H. WANG (2000)
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Intranuclear Anchoring of Repetitive DNA Sequences: Centromeres, Telomeres, and Ribosomal DNA.
K. Weipoltshammer, C. Schofer, M. Almeder, V. V. Philimonenko, K. Frei, F. Wachtler, and P. Hozak (1999)
J. Cell Biol. 147, 1409-1418
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P. K. Patel, A. S. Koti, and R. V. Hosur (1999)
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Auxin Induction of Cell Cycle Regulated Activity of Tobacco Telomerase.
K. Tamura, H. Liu, and H. Takahashi (1999)
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Simultaneous decrease of telomere length and telomerase activity with ageing of human amniotic fluid cells.
A. MOSQUERA, J. L. FERNÁNDEZ, A. CAMPOS, V. J GOYANES, J. RAMIRO-DÍAZ, and J. GOSÁLVEZ (1999)
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H. Li, L. Zhao, Z. Yang, J. W. Funder, and J.-P. Liu (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33436-33442
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Decrease of Telomere Length in Thyroid Adenomas without Telomerase Activity.
X. De Deken, C. Vilain, J. Van Sande, J. E. Dumont, and F. Miot (1998)
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Modulation of telomerase activity by telomere DNA-binding proteins in Oxytricha.
S. J. Froelich-Ammon, B. A. Dickinson, J. M. Bevilacqua, S. C. Schultz, and T. R. Cech (1998)
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Telomerase Activity in Candidate Stem Cells From Fetal Liver and Adult Bone Marrow.
J. Yui, C.-P. Chiu, and P. M. Lansdorp (1998)
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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of recombinant Tetrahymena telomerase proteins p80 and p95 with telomerase RNA and telomeric DNA substrates.
L. Gandhi and K. Collins (1998)
Genes & Dev. 12, 721-733
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Plasmodium falciparum Telomerase: De Novo Telomere Addition to Telomeric and Nontelomeric Sequences and Role in Chromosome Healing.
E. Bottius, N. Bakhsis, and A. Scherf (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 919-925
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Telomere Variation in Xenopus laevis.
S. Bassham, A. Beam, and J. Shampay (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 269-275
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Characterization and cell cycle regulation of the related human telomeric proteins Pin2 and TRF1 suggest a role in mitosis.
M. Shen, C. Haggblom, M. Vogt, T. Hunter, and K. P. Lu (1997)
PNAS 94, 13618-13623
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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