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Science 10 November 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5238, pp. 988 - 991
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5238.988
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Reports

Genomic Structure of an Attenuated Quasi Species of HIV-1 from a Blood Transfusion Donor and Recipients

N. J. Deacon (1),  A. Tsykin,  A. Solomon,  K. Smith,  M. Ludford-Menting,  D. J. Hooker,  D. A. McPhee,  A. L. Greenway,  A. Ellett,  C. Chatfield,  V. A. Lawson,  S. Crowe,  A. Maerz,  S. Sonza,  J. Learmont,  J. S. Sullivan,  A. Cunningham,  D. Dwyer,  D. Dowton,  J. Mills

A blood donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and a cohort of six blood or blood product recipients infected from this donor remain free of HIV-1-related disease with stable and normal CD4 lymphocyte counts 10 to 14 years after infection. HIV-1 sequences from either virus isolates or patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells had similar deletions in the nef gene and in the region of overlap of nef and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Full-length sequencing of one isolate genome and amplification of selected HIV-1 genome regions from other cohort members revealed no other abnormalities of obvious functional significance. These data show that survival after HIV infection can be determined by the HIV genome and support the importance of nef or the U3 region of the LTR in determining the pathogenicity of HIV-1.


N. J. Deacon, A. Tsykin, A. Solomon, K. Smith, M. Ludford-Menting, D. J. Hooker, AIDS Molecular Biology Unit, National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia.
D. A. McPhee, A. L. Greenway, A. Ellett, C. Chatfield, V. A. Lawson, AIDS Cellular Biology Unit, National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia.
S. Crowe, A. Maerz, S. Sonza, AIDS Pathogenesis Unit, National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia.
J. Learmont and J. S. Sullivan, New South Wales Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
A. Cunningham, D. Dwyer, D. Dowton, Department of Virology and the National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
J. Mills, National Centre for HIV Virology Research, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia.
(1) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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J. Virol. 79, 12732-12741
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
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X. Jin, A. Brooks, H. Chen, R. Bennett, R. Reichman, and H. Smith (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 11513-11516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HLA-A2 down-regulation on primary human macrophages infected with an M-tropic EGFP-tagged HIV-1 reporter virus.
A. Brown, S. Gartner, T. Kawano, N. Benoit, and C. Cheng-Mayer (2005)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 78, 675-685
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nef Proteins from Diverse Groups of Primate Lentiviruses Downmodulate CXCR4 To Inhibit Migration to the Chemokine Stromal Derived Factor 1.
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J. Virol. 79, 10650-10659
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H. Drakesmith, N. Chen, H. Ledermann, G. Screaton, A. Townsend, and X.-N. Xu (2005)
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Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 transcription by nef microRNA.
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J. Gen. Virol. 86, 751-755
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Leucine-Specific, Functional Interactions between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef and Adaptor Protein Complexes.
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J. Virol. 79, 2066-2078
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome.
E. M. Westerhout, M. Ooms, M. Vink, A. T. Das, and B. Berkhout (2005)
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Rodent Cells Support Key Functions of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathogenicity Factor Nef.
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J. Virol. 79, 1655-1665
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Endothelial Cells Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in CD4+ T Cells in a Nef-Dependent Manner In Vitro and In Vivo.
J. Choi, J. Walker, S. Boichuk, N. Kirkiles-Smith, N. Torpey, J. S. Pober, and L. Alexander (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 264-276
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S. K. Choudhary, N. R. Choudhary, K. C. Kimbrell, J. Colasanti, A. Ziogas, D. Kwa, H. Schuitemaker, and D. Camerini (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 458-471
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HIV-specific Cytotoxic T Cells from Long-Term Survivors Select a Unique T Cell Receptor.
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J. Exp. Med. 200, 1547-1557
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H.-J. Choi and T. E. Smithgall (2004)
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J. Virol. 78, 13335-13344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vpr and Vpu Are Important for Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo.
E. Rucker, J.-C. Grivel, J. Munch, F. Kirchhoff, and L. Margolis (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 12689-12693
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CD4 Phosphorylation Partially Reverses Nef Down-Regulation of CD4.
Y.-J. Jin, X. Zhang, J. G. Boursiquot, and S. J. Burakoff (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 5495-5500
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Characterization of Nef-CXCR4 Interactions Important for Apoptosis Induction.
M.-B. Huang, L. L. Jin, C. O. James, M. Khan, M. D. Powell, and V. C. Bond (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 11084-11096
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Comprehensive Analysis of Nef Functions Selected in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques.
M. Schindler, J. Munch, M. Brenner, C. Stahl-Hennig, J. Skowronski, and F. Kirchhoff (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 10588-10597
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Guanidine alkaloid analogs as inhibitors of HIV-1 Nef interactions with p53, actin, and p56lck.
A. Olszewski, K. Sato, Z. D. Aron, F. Cohen, A. Harris, B. R. McDougall, W. E. Robinson Jr., L. E. Overman, and G. A. Weiss (2004)
PNAS 101, 14079-14084
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nef Proteins from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Chimpanzees Interact with p21-Activated Kinase 2 and Modulate Cell Surface Expression of Various Human Receptors.
F. Kirchhoff, M. Schindler, N. Bailer, G. H. Renkema, K. Saksela, V. Knoop, M. C. Muller-Trutwin, M. L. Santiago, F. Bibollet-Ruche, M. T. Dittmar, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 6864-6874
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef functions contribute to efficient replication in primary human macrophages.
A. Brown, S. Moghaddam, T. Kawano, and C. Cheng-Mayer (2004)
J. Gen. Virol. 85, 1463-1469
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CD4+ T Cells from CD4C/HIVNef Transgenic Mice Show Enhanced Activation In Vivo with Impaired Proliferation In Vitro but Are Dispensable for the Development of a Severe AIDS-Like Organ Disease.
X. Weng, E. Priceputu, P. Chrobak, J. Poudrier, D. G. Kay, Z. Hanna, T. W. Mak, and P. Jolicoeur (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 5244-5257
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Nef Binds p6* in GagPol during Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
L. J. Costa, Y.-H. Zheng, J. Sabotic, J. Mak, O. T. Fackler, and B. M. Peterlin (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 5311-5323
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A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individual with Low Viral Load Harbors a Virus Variant That Exhibits an In Vitro RNA Dimerization Defect.
H. Huthoff, A. T. Das, M. Vink, B. Klaver, F. Zorgdrager, M. Cornelissen, and B. Berkhout (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 4907-4913
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Activates p21-Activated Kinase via Recruitment into Lipid Rafts.
E. Krautkramer, S. I. Giese, J. E. Gasteier, W. Muranyi, and O. T. Fackler (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 4085-4097
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escapes from RNA Interference-Mediated Inhibition.
A. T. Das, T. R. Brummelkamp, E. M. Westerhout, M. Vink, M. Madiredjo, R. Bernards, and B. Berkhout (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 2601-2605
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Associates with Lipid Rafts To Downmodulate Cell Surface CD4 and Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Expression and To Increase Viral Infectivity.
M. Alexander, Y.-c. Bor, K. S. Ravichandran, M.-L. Hammarskjold, and D. Rekosh (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 1685-1696
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Immune Failure in the Absence of Profound CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rapid Progressor Macaques.
V. M. Hirsch, S. Santra, S. Goldstein, R. Plishka, A. Buckler-White, A. Seth, I. Ourmanov, C. R. Brown, R. Engle, D. Montefiori, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 275-284
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CD4 and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein in Pediatric AIDS Progression.
N. Casartelli, G. Di Matteo, M. Potesta, P. Rossi, and M. Doria (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 11536-11545
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Regulation of HIV-1 gene transcription: from lymphocytes to microglial cells.
O. Rohr, C. Marban, D. Aunis, and E. Schaeffer (2003)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 74, 736-749
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Signaling but not trafficking function of HIV-1 protein Nef is essential for Nef-induced defects in human intrathymic T-cell development.
V. Stove, E. Naessens, C. Stove, T. Swigut, J. Plum, and B. Verhasselt (2003)
Blood 102, 2925-2932
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The di-leucine motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 is not required for binding to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef, but is critical for CD4 down-modulation.
M. Bentham, S. Mazaleyrat, and M. Harris (2003)
J. Gen. Virol. 84, 2705-2713
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Down-Modulation of Mature Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Up-Regulation of Invariant Chain Cell Surface Expression Are Well-Conserved Functions of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef Alleles.
M. Schindler, S. Wurfl, P. Benaroch, T. C. Greenough, R. Daniels, P. Easterbrook, M. Brenner, J. Munch, and F. Kirchhoff (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 10548-10556
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Nef Does Not Affect the Efficiency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Fusion with Target Cells.
M. Tobiume, J. E. Lineberger, C. A. Lundquist, M. D. Miller, and C. Aiken (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 10645-10650
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Cooperative Interactions of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Nef, AP-2, and CD3-{zeta} Mediate the Selective Induction of T-Cell Receptor-CD3 Endocytosis.
T. Swigut, M. Greenberg, and J. Skowronski (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 8116-8126
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Nef increases the synthesis of and transports cholesterol to lipid rafts and HIV-1 progeny virions.
Y.-H. Zheng, A. Plemenitas, C. J. Fielding, and B. M. Peterlin (2003)
PNAS 100, 8460-8465
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Unique Pattern of Convergent Envelope Evolution in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rapid Progressor Macaques: Association with CD4-Independent Usage of CCR5.
H. Dehghani, B. A. Puffer, R. W. Doms, and V. M. Hirsch (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 6405-6418
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Natural variation of the nef gene in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in Portugal.
E. Padua, A. Jenkins, S. Brown, J. Bootman, M. T. Paixao, N. Almond, and N. Berry (2003)
J. Gen. Virol. 84, 1287-1299
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HIV-1 Nef Stabilizes the Association of Adaptor Protein Complexes with Membranes.
K. Janvier, H. Craig, D. Hitchin, R. Madrid, N. Sol-Foulon, L. Renault, J. Cherfils, D. Cassel, S. Benichou, and J. Guatelli (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 8725-8732
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HIV-1 Nef Induces the Release of Inflammatory Factors from Human Monocyte/Macrophages: Involvement of Nef Endocytotic Signals and NF-{kappa}B Activation.
E. Olivetta, Z. Percario, G. Fiorucci, G. Mattia, I. Schiavoni, C. Dennis, J. Jager, M. Harris, G. Romeo, E. Affabris, et al. (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 1716-1727
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef-Mediated Downregulation of CD4 Correlates with Nef Enhancement of Viral Pathogenesis.
C. A. Stoddart, R. Geleziunas, S. Ferrell, V. Linquist-Stepps, M. E. Moreno, C. Bare, W. Xu, W. Yonemoto, P. A. Bresnahan, J. M. McCune, et al. (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 2124-2133
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Exogenous Nef Protein Activates NF-kappa B, AP-1, and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Stimulates HIV Transcription in Promonocytic Cells. ROLE IN AIDS PATHOGENESIS.
A. Varin, S. K. Manna, V. Quivy, A.-Z. Decrion, C. Van Lint, G. Herbein, and B. B. Aggarwal (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 2219-2227
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A Truncated Form of Nef Selected during Pathogenic Reversion of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239{Delta}nef Increases Viral Replication.
L. A. Chakrabarti, K. J. Metzner, T. Ivanovic, H. Cheng, J. Louis-Virelizier, R. I. Connor, and C. Cheng-Mayer (2002)
J. Virol. 77, 1245-1256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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