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Science 27 October 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5236, pp. 633 - 637
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5236.633
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Reports

Relaxation of Arterial Smooth Muscle by Calcium Sparks

M. T. Nelson,  H. Cheng,  M. Rubart,  L. F. Santana,  A. D. Bonev,  H. J. Knot,  W. J. Lederer (1)

Local increases in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca](i)) resulting from activation of the ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of smooth muscle cause arterial dilation. Ryanodine-sensitive, spontaneous local increases in [Ca](i) (Ca sparks) from the SR were observed just under the surface membrane of single smooth muscle cells from myogenic cerebral arteries. Ryanodine and thapsigargin inhibited Ca sparks and Ca-dependent potassium (K) currents, suggesting that Ca sparks activate K channels. Furthermore, K channels activated by Ca sparks appeared to hyperpolarize and dilate pressurized myogenic arteries because ryanodine and thapsigargin depolarized and constricted these arteries to an extent similar to that produced by blockers of K channels . Ca sparks indirectly cause vasodilation through activation of K channels, but have little direct effect on spatially averaged [Ca](i), which regulates contraction.


M. T. Nelson, A. D. Bonev, H. J. Knot, Department of Pharmacology, 55A South Park Drive, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont 05446, USA.
H. Cheng, L. F. Santana, W. J. Lederer, Department of Physiology and The Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
M. Rubart, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4800, USA.
(1) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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