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Science 1 September 1995: Vol. 269. no. 5228, pp. 1270 - 1272 DOI: 10.1126/science.7652575
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Articles
Science, Vol 269, Issue 5228, 1270-1272
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1
MF Olson,
A Ashworth,
and
A Hall
Department of Biochemistry, University College, London, UK.
Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton; Rho controls the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, Rac regulates actin filament accumulation at the plasma membrane to produce lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, and Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia. When microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 stimulated cell cycle progression through G1 and subsequent DNA synthesis. Furthermore, microinjection of dominant negative forms of Rac and Cdc42 or of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase blocked serum-induced DNA synthesis. Unlike Ras, none of the Rho GTPases activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that contains the protein kinases c-Raf1, MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase), and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Instead, Rac and Cdc42, but not Rho, stimulated a distinct MAP kinase, the c-Jun kinase JNK/SAPK (Jun NH2-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase). Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 control signal transduction pathways that are essential for cell growth.
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- Krox-20 inhibits Jun-NH2-terminal kinase/c-Jun to control Schwann cell proliferation and death.
- D. B. Parkinson, A. Bhaskaran, A. Droggiti, S. Dickinson, M. D'Antonio, R. Mirsky, and K. R. Jessen (2004)
J. Cell Biol.
164, 385-394
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- Involvement of Rho Family GTPases in p19Arf- and p53-Mediated Proliferation of Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts.
- F. Guo and Y. Zheng (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
24, 1426-1438
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- Mechanisms of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange and Rac-mediated Signaling Revealed by a Dominant Negative Trio Mutant.
- B. Debreceni, Y. Gao, F. Guo, K. Zhu, B. Jia, and Y. Zheng (2004)
J. Biol. Chem.
279, 3777-3786
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- Tumor-related Alternatively Spliced Rac1b Is Not Regulated by Rho-GDP Dissociation Inhibitors and Exhibits Selective Downstream Signaling.
- P. Matos, J. G. Collard, and P. Jordan (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 50442-50448
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- Molecular Dissection of the Interaction between the Small G Proteins Rac1 and RhoA and Protein Kinase C-related Kinase 1 (PRK1).
- D. Owen, P. N. Lowe, D. Nietlispach, C. E. Brosnan, D. Y. Chirgadze, P. J. Parker, T. L. Blundell, and H. R. Mott (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 50578-50587
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- Rac1 and Rac3 Are Targets for Geranylgeranyltransferase I Inhibitor-Mediated Inhibition of Signaling, Transformation, and Membrane Ruffling.
- P. L. Joyce and A. D. Cox (2003)
Cancer Res.
63, 7959-7967
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- Protein Geranylgeranylation Is Critical for the Regulation of Survival and Proliferation of Lymphoma Tumor Cells.
- N. W. C. J. van de Donk, D. Schotte, M. M. J. Kamphuis, A. M. W. van Marion, B. van Kessel, A. C. Bloem, and H. M. Lokhorst (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res.
9, 5735-5748
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- Fibroblast Growth Factors Regulate Prolactin Transcription via an Atypical Rac-Dependent Signaling Pathway.
- T. A. Jackson, D. M. Koterwas, M. A. Morgan, and A. P. Bradford (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol.
17, 1921-1930
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- Cdc42 Promotes G1 Progression through p70 S6 Kinase-mediated Induction of Cyclin E Expression.
- M. M. Chou, J. M. Masuda-Robens, and M. L. Gupta (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 35241-35247
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- An Endogenous Inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase Blocks Rac1/JNK but Not Ras/ERK-dependent Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
- L. J. Sundberg, L. M. Galante, H. M. Bill, C. P. Mack, and J. M. Taylor (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 29783-29791
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- Gene Expression Profiling of Malignant Mesothelioma.
- S. Singhal, R. Wiewrodt, L. D. Malden, K. M. Amin, K. Matzie, J. Friedberg, J. C. Kucharczuk, L. A. Litzky, S. W. Johnson, L. R. Kaiser, et al. (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res.
9, 3080-3097
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- RacB Regulates Cytoskeletal Function in Dictyostelium spp..
- E. Lee, D. J. Seastone, E. Harris, J. A. Cardelli, and D. A. Knecht (2003)
Eukaryot. Cell
2, 474-485
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- The Small GTP-binding Protein Rac1 Induces Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy through the Activation of Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B.
- Y. Higuchi, K. Otsu, K. Nishida, S. Hirotani, H. Nakayama, O. Yamaguchi, S. Hikoso, K. Kashiwase, T. Takeda, T. Watanabe, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 20770-20777
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- AIF-1 Is an Actin-Polymerizing and Rac1-Activating Protein That Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.
- M. V. Autieri, S. E. Kelemen, and K. W. Wendt (2003)
Circ. Res.
92, 1107-1114
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- Inhibition of Aggressiveness of Metastatic Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells by the {beta}2-Chimaerin GAP Domain.
- P. L. Menna, G. Skilton, F. C. Leskow, D. F. Alonso, D. E. Gomez, and M. G. Kazanietz (2003)
Cancer Res.
63, 2284-2291
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- A Rac/Cdc42-specific Exchange Factor, GEFT, Induces Cell Proliferation, Transformation, and Migration.
- X. Guo, L. J. Stafford, B. Bryan, C. Xia, W. Ma, X. Wu, D. Liu, Z. Songyang, and M. Liu (2003)
J. Biol. Chem.
278, 13207-13215
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- Statin-Associated Myopathy.
- P. D. Thompson, P. Clarkson, and R. H. Karas (2003)
JAMA
289, 1681-1690
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- The TRE17 Oncogene Encodes a Component of a Novel Effector Pathway for Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 and Stimulates Actin Remodeling.
- J. M. Masuda-Robens, S. N. Kutney, H. Qi, and M. M. Chou (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
23, 2151-2161
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- Impaired Ras membrane association and activation in PPARalpha knockout mice after partial hepatectomy.
- M. D. Wheeler, O. M. Smutney, J. F. Check, I. Rusyn, R. Schulte-Hermann, and R. G. Thurman (2003)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
284, G302-G312
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- trans-Interactions of Nectins Induce Formation of Filopodia and Lamellipodia through the Respective Activation of Cdc42 and Rac Small G Proteins.
- T. Kawakatsu, K. Shimizu, T. Honda, T. Fukuhara, T. Hoshino, and Y. Takai (2002)
J. Biol. Chem.
277, 50749-50755
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- The Cysteine-Rich Sprouty Translocation Domain Targets Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitory Proteins to Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in Plasma Membranes.
- J. Lim, P. Yusoff, E. S. M. Wong, S. Chandramouli, D.-H. Lao, C. W. Fong, and G. R. Guy (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
22, 7953-7966
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