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Science 1 September 1995:
Vol. 269. no. 5228, pp. 1270 - 1272
DOI: 10.1126/science.7652575

Articles

Science, Vol 269, Issue 5228, 1270-1272
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1

MF Olson, A Ashworth, and A Hall

Department of Biochemistry, University College, London, UK.

Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton; Rho controls the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, Rac regulates actin filament accumulation at the plasma membrane to produce lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, and Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia. When microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 stimulated cell cycle progression through G1 and subsequent DNA synthesis. Furthermore, microinjection of dominant negative forms of Rac and Cdc42 or of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase blocked serum-induced DNA synthesis. Unlike Ras, none of the Rho GTPases activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that contains the protein kinases c-Raf1, MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase), and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Instead, Rac and Cdc42, but not Rho, stimulated a distinct MAP kinase, the c-Jun kinase JNK/SAPK (Jun NH2-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase). Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 control signal transduction pathways that are essential for cell growth.


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Protein Geranylgeranylation Is Critical for the Regulation of Survival and Proliferation of Lymphoma Tumor Cells.
N. W. C. J. van de Donk, D. Schotte, M. M. J. Kamphuis, A. M. W. van Marion, B. van Kessel, A. C. Bloem, and H. M. Lokhorst (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 5735-5748
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fibroblast Growth Factors Regulate Prolactin Transcription via an Atypical Rac-Dependent Signaling Pathway.
T. A. Jackson, D. M. Koterwas, M. A. Morgan, and A. P. Bradford (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1921-1930
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cdc42 Promotes G1 Progression through p70 S6 Kinase-mediated Induction of Cyclin E Expression.
M. M. Chou, J. M. Masuda-Robens, and M. L. Gupta (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 35241-35247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Endogenous Inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase Blocks Rac1/JNK but Not Ras/ERK-dependent Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
L. J. Sundberg, L. M. Galante, H. M. Bill, C. P. Mack, and J. M. Taylor (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29783-29791
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene Expression Profiling of Malignant Mesothelioma.
S. Singhal, R. Wiewrodt, L. D. Malden, K. M. Amin, K. Matzie, J. Friedberg, J. C. Kucharczuk, L. A. Litzky, S. W. Johnson, L. R. Kaiser, et al. (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 3080-3097
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RacB Regulates Cytoskeletal Function in Dictyostelium spp..
E. Lee, D. J. Seastone, E. Harris, J. A. Cardelli, and D. A. Knecht (2003)
Eukaryot. Cell 2, 474-485
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Small GTP-binding Protein Rac1 Induces Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy through the Activation of Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B.
Y. Higuchi, K. Otsu, K. Nishida, S. Hirotani, H. Nakayama, O. Yamaguchi, S. Hikoso, K. Kashiwase, T. Takeda, T. Watanabe, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 20770-20777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AIF-1 Is an Actin-Polymerizing and Rac1-Activating Protein That Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.
M. V. Autieri, S. E. Kelemen, and K. W. Wendt (2003)
Circ. Res. 92, 1107-1114
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Aggressiveness of Metastatic Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells by the {beta}2-Chimaerin GAP Domain.
P. L. Menna, G. Skilton, F. C. Leskow, D. F. Alonso, D. E. Gomez, and M. G. Kazanietz (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 2284-2291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Rac/Cdc42-specific Exchange Factor, GEFT, Induces Cell Proliferation, Transformation, and Migration.
X. Guo, L. J. Stafford, B. Bryan, C. Xia, W. Ma, X. Wu, D. Liu, Z. Songyang, and M. Liu (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13207-13215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Statin-Associated Myopathy.
P. D. Thompson, P. Clarkson, and R. H. Karas (2003)
JAMA 289, 1681-1690
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The TRE17 Oncogene Encodes a Component of a Novel Effector Pathway for Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 and Stimulates Actin Remodeling.
J. M. Masuda-Robens, S. N. Kutney, H. Qi, and M. M. Chou (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 2151-2161
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired Ras membrane association and activation in PPARalpha knockout mice after partial hepatectomy.
M. D. Wheeler, O. M. Smutney, J. F. Check, I. Rusyn, R. Schulte-Hermann, and R. G. Thurman (2003)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284, G302-G312
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
trans-Interactions of Nectins Induce Formation of Filopodia and Lamellipodia through the Respective Activation of Cdc42 and Rac Small G Proteins.
T. Kawakatsu, K. Shimizu, T. Honda, T. Fukuhara, T. Hoshino, and Y. Takai (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 50749-50755
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The Cysteine-Rich Sprouty Translocation Domain Targets Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitory Proteins to Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in Plasma Membranes.
J. Lim, P. Yusoff, E. S. M. Wong, S. Chandramouli, D.-H. Lao, C. W. Fong, and G. R. Guy (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7953-7966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



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