Articles

Growth of Tobacco Protoplasts Stimulated by Synthetic Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides

Horst Röhrig ¹, Jürgen Schmidt ¹, Richard Walden ¹, Inge Czaja ¹, Edvins Miklaevis ¹, Ursula Wieneke ¹, Jeff Schell ¹, and Michael John ¹

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany

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Nodulation (Nod) factors are lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) secreted by rhizobia to trigger the early steps of nodule organogenesis in leguminous plants. A method to synthesize LCOs in vitro was developed. Synthetic LCOs alleviated the requirement for auxin and cytokinin to sustain growth of cultured tobacco protoplasts. LCOs containing C_18:1 trans—fatty acyl substituents were more effective than those containing cis—fatty acids in promoting cell division as well as in activating an auxin-responsive promoter and the expression of a gene implicated in auxin action. These data indicate that LCOs redirect plant growth also in nonlegumes by activating developmental pathways also targeted by phytohormones.

Submitted on March 17, 1995
Accepted on June 15, 1995

Human {{alpha}}3-fucosyltransferases convert chitin oligosaccharides to products containing a GlcNAc{beta}1-4(Fuc{{alpha}}1-3)GlcNAc{beta}1-4R determinant at the nonreducing terminus.

J. Natunen, O. Aitio, J. Helin, H. Maaheimo, R. Niemela, S. Heikkinen, and O. Renkonen (2001)
Glycobiology 11, 209-216
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Polarity and signalling in plant embryogenesis.

M. Souter and K. Lindsey (2000)
J. Exp. Bot. 51, 971-983
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Rhizobium Nod Factor Signaling: Evidence for a G Protein–Mediated Transduction Mechanism.

J.-L. Pingret, E.-P. Journet, and D. G. Barker (1998)
PLANT CELL 10, 659-672
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Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal.

M. John, J. Schmidt, R. Walden, I. Czaja, M. Dulz, J. Schell, and H. Rohrig (1997)
PNAS 94, 10178-10182
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An important developmental role for oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis of cyprinid fish.

J. Bakkers, C. E. Semino, H. Stroband, J. W. Kijne, P. W. Robbins, and H. P. Spaink (1997)
PNAS 94, 7982-7986
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Chitin oligosaccharides can induce cortical cell division in roots of Vicia sativa when delivered by ballistic microtargeting.

H. Schlaman, A. Gisel, N. Quaedvlieg, G. Bloemberg, B. Lugtenberg, J. Kijne, I Potrykus, H. Spaink, and C Sautter (1997)
Development 124, 4887-4895
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Convergent pathways for lipochitooligosaccharide and auxin signaling in tobacco cells.

H. Rohrig, J. Schmidt, R. Walden, I. Czaja, H. Lubenow, U. Wieneke, J. Schell, and M. John (1996)
PNAS 93, 13389-13392
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