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Science 9 June 1995:
Vol. 268. no. 5216, pp. 1492 - 1495
DOI: 10.1126/science.7770775
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Articles

Science, Vol 268, Issue 5216, 1492-1495
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Multiple origins of lichen symbioses in fungi suggested by SSU rDNA phylogeny

A Gargas, PT DePriest, M Grube, and A Tehler

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.

Phylogenetic hypotheses provide a context for examining the evolution of heterotrophic lifestyles. The lichen lifestyle, which is the symbiotic association of fungi with algae, is found in various representatives of Dicaryomycotina, both Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. A highly resolved parsimony analysis of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences suggests at least five independent origins of the lichen habit in disparate groups of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Because lichen associations arose from parasitic, mycorrhizal, or free-living saprobic fungi, neither mutualism nor parasitism should be construed as endpoints in symbiont evolution.


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