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Science 21 April 1995:
Vol. 268. no. 5209, pp. 429 - 431
DOI: 10.1126/science.7716549
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Articles

Science, Vol 268, Issue 5209, 429-431
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein

CJ Li, DJ Friedman, C Wang, V Metelev, and AB Pardee

Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is typified by the progressive depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes and deterioration of immune function in most patients. A central unresolved issue in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is the mechanism underlying this T cell depletion. HIV-1 Tat protein was shown to induce cell death by apoptosis in a T cell line and in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected donors. This Tat-induced apoptosis was inhibitable by growth factors and was associated with enhanced activation of cyclin-dependent kinases.


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Monocytes Treated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Kill Uninfected CD4+ Cells by a Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Induced Ligand-Mediated Mechanism.
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Selective killing of cancer cells by beta -lapachone: Direct checkpoint activation as a strategy against cancer.
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HIV-1 Tat-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.
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J. Virol. 77, 1049-1058
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Cell Killing by HIV-1 Protease.
R. Blanco, L. Carrasco, and I. Ventoso (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 1086-1093
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Cardiomyocytes undergo apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus cardiomyopathy through mitochondrion- and death receptor-controlled pathways.
C. Twu, N. Q. Liu, W. Popik, M. Bukrinsky, J. Sayre, J. Roberts, S. Rania, V. Bramhandam, K. P. Roos, W. R. MacLellan, et al. (2002)
PNAS 99, 14386-14391
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Tat HIV-1 Primary and Tertiary Structures Critical to Immune Response Against Non-homologous Variants.
S. Opi, J.-M. Peloponese Jr., D. Esquieu, G. Campbell, J. de Mareuil, A. Walburger, M. Solomiac, C. Gregoire, E. Bouveret, D. L. Yirrell, et al. (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35915-35919
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Physical and Functional Interaction of HIV-1 Tat with E2F-4, a Transcriptional Regulator of Mammalian Cell Cycle.
C. Ambrosino, C. Palmieri, A. Puca, F. Trimboli, M. Schiavone, F. Olimpico, M. R. Ruocco, F. di Leva, M. Toriello, I. Quinto, et al. (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31448-31458
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A Tat subunit vaccine confers protective immunity against the immune-modulating activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein in mice.
S. M. Agwale, M. T. Shata, M. S. Reitz Jr., V. S. Kalyanaraman, R. C. Gallo, M. Popovic, and D. M. Hone (2002)
PNAS 99, 10037-10041
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat Induces Hyperproliferation and Dysregulation of Renal Glomerular Epithelial Cells.
P. G. Conaldi, A. Bottelli, A. Baj, C. Serra, L. Fiore, G. Federico, B. Bussolati, and G. Camussi (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 161, 53-61
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tat Acetyl-acceptor Lysines Are Important for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Replication.
V. Bres, R. Kiernan, S. Emiliani, and M. Benkirane (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 22215-22221
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A time to kill: viral manipulation of the cell death program.
S. Hay and G. Kannourakis (2002)
J. Gen. Virol. 83, 1547-1564
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV Tat Binds Egr Proteins and Enhances Egr-dependent Transactivation of the Fas Ligand Promoter.
Y. Yang, B. Dong, P. R. Mittelstadt, H. Xiao, and J. D. Ashwell (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 19482-19487
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytopathic Killing of Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Lymphocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Appears Necrotic rather than Apoptotic and Does Not Require env.
M. J. Lenardo, S. B. Angleman, V. Bounkeua, J. Dimas, M. G. Duvall, M. B. Graubard, F. Hornung, M. C. Selkirk, C. K. Speirs, C. Trageser, et al. (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 5082-5093
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Death of CD4+ T-Cell Lines Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Does Not Depend on Caspases or Apoptosis.
D. L. Bolton, B.-I. Hahn, E. A. Park, L. L. Lehnhoff, F. Hornung, and M. J. Lenardo (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 5094-5107
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Outcome of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Strain 89.6p Challenge following Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Protein.
P. Silvera, M. W. Richardson, J. Greenhouse, J. Yalley-Ogunro, N. Shaw, J. Mirchandani, K. Khalili, J.-F. Zagury, M. G. Lewis, and J. Rappaport (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 3800-3809
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Angiogenic Effects of Extracellular Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Protein and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of AIDS-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma.
G. Barillari and B. Ensoli (2002)
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15, 310-326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Why is apoptosis important to clinicians?.
C. Haslett and J. Savill (2001)
BMJ 322, 1499-1500
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Membrane-Fusing Capacity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Proteins Determines the Efficiency of CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Macaques Infected by a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
B. Etemad-Moghadam, D. Rhone, T. Steenbeke, Y. Sun, J. Manola, R. Gelman, J. W. Fanton, P. Racz, K. Tenner-Racz, M. K. Axthelm, et al. (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 5646-5655
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Tat Inhibits IL-2 Gene Transcription Through Qualitative and Quantitative Alterations of the Cooperative Rel/AP1 Complex Bound to the CD28RE/AP1 Composite Element of the IL-2 Promoter.
E. Gonzalez, C. Punzon, M. Gonzalez, and M. Fresno (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 4560-4569
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Tat Protein Stimulates In Vivo Vascular Permeability and Lymphomononuclear Cell Recruitment.
M. Arese, C. Ferrandi, L. Primo, G. Camussi, and F. Bussolino (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 1380-1388
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Positive and Negative Aspects of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease: Development of Inhibitors versus Its Role in AIDS Pathogenesis.
K. Ikuta, S. Suzuki, H. Horikoshi, T. Mukai, and R. B. Luftig (2000)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 725-745
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tat Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Induces Interleukin-10 in Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes: Implication of Protein Kinase C-Dependent Pathway.
A. Badou, Y. Bennasser, M. Moreau, C. Leclerc, M. Benkirane, and E. Bahraoui (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 10551-10562
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Importance of Membrane Fusion Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins for Lysis of Primary CD4-Positive T Cells.
J. A. LaBonte, T. Patel, W. Hofmann, and J. Sodroski (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 10690-10698
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis.
A. D. Badley, A. A. Pilon, A. Landay, and D. H. Lynch (2000)
Blood 96, 2951-2964
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis Control in Syncytia Induced by the HIV Type 1-Envelope Glycoprotein Complex: Role of Mitochondria and Caspases.
K. F. Ferri, E. Jacotot, J. Blanco, J. A. Este, N. Zamzami, S. A. Susin, Z. Xie, G. Brothers, J. C. Reed, J. M. Penninger, et al. (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 192, 1081-1092
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of the Chemokines Interleukin-8 and IP-10 by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat in Astrocytes.
O. Kutsch, J.-W. Oh, A. Nath, and E. N. Benveniste (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 9214-9221
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages.
S. M. Wahl, T. Greenwell-Wild, H. Hale-Donze, N. Moutsopoulos, and J. M. Orenstein (2000)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 68, 303-310
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Patterns of Apoptosis in Resolving and Nonresolving Bacterial Pneumonia.
J. A. KAZZAZ, S. HOROWITZ, J. XU, P. KHULLAR, M. S. NIEDERMAN, A. M. FEIN, Z. ZAKERI, L. LIN, and G. C. RHODES (2000)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161, 2043-2050
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Spontaneously proliferating lymphocytes from bovine leukaemia virus-infected, lymphocytotic cattle are not the virus-expressing lymphocytes, as these cells are delayed in G0/G1 of the cell cycle and are spared from apoptosis.
D. M. Stone, L. K. Norton, and W. C. Davis (2000)
J. Gen. Virol. 81, 971-981
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Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Can Regulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Long Terminal Repeat-Directed Gene Expression and Can Substitute for HIV Tat in Viral Replication.
H. Chen, J. He, S. Fong, G. Wilcox, and C. Wood (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 2703-2713
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alternatively Spliced Products CC3 and TC3 Have Opposing Effects on Apoptosis.
S. Whitman, X. Wang, R. Shalaby, and E. Shtivelman (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 583-593
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Specific Molecular Structures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Relevant for Its Biological Effects on Vascular Endothelial Cells.
S. Mitola, R. Soldi, I. Zanon, L. Barra, M. I. Gutierrez, B. Berkhout, M. Giacca, and F. Bussolino (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 344-353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In vitro infection of cells of the monocytic/macrophage lineage with bovine leukaemia virus.
A. Doménech, J. Goyache, L. Llames, M. Jesús Payá, G. Suárez, and E. Gómez-Lucía (2000)
J. Gen. Virol. 81, 109-118
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Lymphocyte Activation during Acute Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV89.6PD Infection in Macaques.
M. Wallace, P. M. Waterman, J. L. Mitchen, M. Djavani, C. Brown, P. Trivedi, D. Horejsh, M. Dykhuizen, M. Kitabwalla, and C. D. Pauza (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 10236-10244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Potent inhibition of tumor survival in vivo by beta -lapachone plus taxol: Combining drugs imposes different artificial checkpoints.
C. J. Li, Y.-Z. Li, A. V. Pinto, and A. B. Pardee (1999)
PNAS 96, 13369-13374
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multifaceted Activities of the HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription, Tat.
K.-T. Jeang, H. Xiao, and E. A. Rich (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28837-28840
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Multiple Interactions of HIV-I Tat Protein with Size-defined Heparin Oligosaccharides.
M. Rusnati, G. Tulipano, D. Spillmann, E. Tanghetti, P. Oreste, G. Zoppetti, M. Giacca, and M. Presta (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28198-28205
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The potential importance of HIV-induction of lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes.
J. J.-Y. Chen and M. W. Cloyd (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 1591-1594
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pronounced acute immunosuppression in vivo mediated by HIV Tat challenge.
S. S. Cohen, C. Li, L. Ding, Y. Cao, A. B. Pardee, E. M. Shevach, and D. I. Cohen (1999)
PNAS 96, 10842-10847
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Inducible Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Vector Which Effectively Suppresses HIV-1 Replication.
D. S. An, K. Morizono, Q.-X. Li, S. H. Mao, S. Lu, and I. S. Y. Chen (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 7671-7677
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Deficient Cellular Immunity--Finding and Fixing the Defects.
P. D. Greenberg and S. R. Riddell (1999)
Science 285, 546-551
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Tat as one key to HIV-induced immune pathogenesis and Pat toxoid as an important component of a vaccine.
R. C. Gallo (1999)
PNAS 96, 8324-8326
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Poliovirus Induces Apoptosis in the Mouse Central Nervous System.
S. Girard, T. Couderc, J. Destombes, D. Thiesson, F. Delpeyroux, and B. Blondel (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 6066-6072
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Induction of MHC Class I Expression on Immature Thymocytes in HIV-1-Infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice: Evidence of Indirect Mechanisms.
G. Kovalev, K. Duus, L. Wang, R. Lee, M. Bonyhadi, D. Ho, J. M. McCune, H. Kaneshima, and L. Su (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 7555-7562
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DNA Immunization with HIV-1 tat Mutated in the trans Activation Domain Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against Wild-Type Tat.
E. Caselli, M. Betti, M. P. Grossi, P. G. Balboni, C. Rossi, C. Boarini, A. Cafaro, G. Barbanti-Brodano, B. Ensoli, and A. Caputo (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5631-5638
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Full Peptide Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of Six Tat Variants. DIFFERENCES OBSERVED BETWEEN HIV-1 ISOLATES FROM AFRICA AND OTHER CONTINENTS.
J.-M. Peloponese Jr., Y. Collette, C. Gregoire, C. Bailly, D. Campese, E. F. Meurs, D. Olive, and E. P. Loret (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11473-11478
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Induces Apoptosis and Increases Sensitivity to Apoptotic Signals by Up-Regulating FLICE/Caspase-8.
S. R. Bartz and M. Emerman (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 1956-1963
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Functional Domains of Tat Required for Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcription.
C. Ulich, A. Dunne, E. Parry, C. W. Hooker, R. B. Gaynor, and D. Harrich (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 2499-2508
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNA Antisense Abrogation of MAT1 Induces G1 Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells.
L. Wu, P. Chen, J.-J. Hwang, L. W. Barsky, K. I. Weinberg, A. Jong, and V. A. Starnes (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5564-5572
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Levels of major selenoproteins in T cells decrease during HIV infection and low molecular mass selenium compounds increase.
V. N. Gladyshev, T. C. Stadtman, D. L. Hatfield, and K.-T. Jeang (1999)
PNAS 96, 835-839
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Mechanism of CD4 Lymphocyte Depletion Involves Effects of HIV on Resting Lymphocytes: Induction of Lymph Node Homing and Apoptosis Upon Secondary Signaling Through Homing Receptors.
L. Wang, J. J. Y. Chen, B. B. Gelman, R. Konig, and M. W. Cloyd (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 268-276
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tat Protein Induces Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Coreceptors and Promotes Infection with both Macrophage-Tropic and T-Lymphotropic HIV-1 Strains.
L. Huang, I. Bosch, W. Hofmann, J. Sodroski, and A. B. Pardee (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8952-8960
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromatin Condensation Is Not Associated with Apoptosis.
M. J. Hendzel, W. K. Nishioka, Y. Raymond, C. D. Allis, D. P. Bazett-Jones, and J. P. H. Th'ng (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24470-24478
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Tat Inhibits Human Natural Killer Cell Function by Blocking L-Type Calcium Channels.
M. R. Zocchi, A. Rubartelli, P. Morgavi, and A. Poggi (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 2938-2943
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Matter of Life and Cell Death.
G. Evan and T. Littlewood (1998)
Science 281, 1317-1322
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Role of the Fas/Fas Ligand Apoptotic Pathway in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease.
D. Kaplan and S. Sieg (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6279-6282
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HIV-1 Tat Induces Neuronal Death via Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Activation of Non-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors by a NFkappa B-Independent Mechanism.
D. R. New, S. B. Maggirwar, L. G. Epstein, S. Dewhurst, and H. A. Gelbard (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17852-17858
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vectors Efficiently Transduce Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells.
R. E. Sutton, H. T. M. Wu, R. Rigg, E. Bohnlein, and P. O. Brown (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 5781-5788
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Basic Domain in HIV-1 Tat Protein as a Target for Polysulfonated Heparin-mimicking Extracellular Tat Antagonists.
M. Rusnati, G. Tulipano, C. Urbinati, E. Tanghetti, R. Giuliani, M. Giacca, M. Ciomei, A. Corallini, and M. Presta (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16027-16037
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of CD4+ T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Chimpanzees Is Associated with Increased Lymphocyte Apoptosis.
I. C. Davis, M. Girard, and P. N. Fultz (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 4623-4632
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Transmembrane Domains of Sindbis Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Induce Cell Death.
A. K. Joe, H. H. Foo, L. Kleeman, and B. Levine (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3935-3943
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Directly Kills CD4+ T Cells by a Fas-independent Mechanism.
R. T. Gandhi, B. K. Chen, S. E. Straus, J. K. Dale, M. J. Lenardo, and D. Baltimore (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 1113-1122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Tat Elongates the G1 Phase and Indirectly Promotes HIV-1 Gene Expression in Cells of Glial Origin.
M. Kundu, S. Sharma, A. De Luca, A. Giordano, J. Rappaport, K. Khalili, and S. Amini (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8130-8136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Parvovirus B19 Nonstructural (NS1) Protein Induces Apoptosis in Erythroid Lineage Cells.
S. Moffatt, N. Yaegashi, K. Tada, N. Tanaka, and K. Sugamura (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3018-3028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interferon alpha  and Tat involvement in the immunosuppression of uninfected T cells and C-C chemokine decline in AIDS.
D. Zagury, A. Lachgar, V. Chams, L. S. Fall, J. Bernard, J.-F. Zagury, B. Bizzini, A. Gringeri, E. Santagostino, J. Rappaport, et al. (1998)
PNAS 95, 3851-3856
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of Dihydropyridine-sensitive Calcium Channels in Human Dendritic Cell Function. COMPETITION BY HIV-1 TAT.
A. Poggi, A. Rubartelli, and M. R. Zocchi (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7205-7209
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenovirus-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Nef Expression in Human Monocytes/Macrophages and Effect of Nef on Downmodulation of Fcgamma Receptors and Expression of Monokines.
S. K. De, C. N.S. Venkateshan, P. Seth, D. Carleton Gajdusek, and C. J. Gibbs Jr (1998)
Blood 91, 2108-2117
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection of Purified Megakaryocytic Progenitors/Precursors and Maturing Megakaryocytes.
C. Chelucci, M. Federico, R. Guerriero, G. Mattia, I. Casella, E. Pelosi, U. Testa, G. Mariani, H.J. Hassan, and C. Peschle (1998)
Blood 91, 1225-1234
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The HIV-1 vpr Protein Acts as a Negative Regulator of Apoptosis in a Human Lymphoblastoid T Cell Line: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of AIDS.
L. Conti, G. Rainaldi, P. Matarrese, B. Varano, R. Rivabene, S. Columba, A. Sato, F. Belardelli, W. Malorni, and S. Gessani (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 403-413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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