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Science 14 April 1995:
Vol. 268. no. 5208, pp. 239 - 247
DOI: 10.1126/science.7716515
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Articles

Science, Vol 268, Issue 5208, 239-247
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Calcium signaling in neurons: molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences

A Ghosh and ME Greenberg

Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Neuronal activity can lead to marked increases in the concentration of cytosolic calcium, which then functions as a second messenger that mediates a wide range of cellular responses. Calcium binds to calmodulin and stimulates the activity of a variety of enzymes, including calcium-calmodulin kinases and calcium-sensitive adenylate cyclases. These enzymes transduce the calcium signal and effect short-term biological responses, such as the modification of synaptic proteins and long-lasting neuronal responses that require changes in gene expression. Recent studies of calcium signal-transduction mechanisms have revealed that, depending on the route of entry into a neuron, calcium differentially affects processes that are central to the development and plasticity of the nervous system, including activity-dependent cell survival, modulation of synaptic strength, and calcium-mediated cell death.


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Intracellular Ca2+ Dynamics During Spontaneous and Evoked Activity of Leech Heart Interneurons: Low-Threshold Ca Currents and Graded Synaptic Transmission.
A. I. Ivanov and R. L. Calabrese (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 4930-4943
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Calcium Ion in Skeletal Muscle: Its Crucial Role for Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease.
M. W. Berchtold, H. Brinkmeier, and M. Muntener (2000)
Physiol Rev 80, 1215-1265
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A calcium-dependent protein kinase can inhibit a calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ pump (ACA2) located in the endoplasmic reticulum of Arabidopsis.
I. Hwang, H. Sze, and J. F. Harper (2000)
PNAS 97, 6224-6229
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Developmentally Regulated NMDA Receptor-Dependent Dephosphorylation of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) in Hippocampal Neurons.
C. Sala, S. Rudolph-Correia, and M. Sheng (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 3529-3536
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