Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 31 March 1995:
Vol. 267. no. 5206, pp. 1924 - 1935
DOI: 10.1126/science.267.5206.1924
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Formation of Glasses from Liquids and Biopolymers

C. A. Angell 1

1 Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA

Glasses can be formed by many routes. In some cases, distinct polyamorphic forms are found. The normal mode of glass formation is cooling of a viscous liquid. Liquid behavior during cooling is classified between "strong" and "fragile," and the three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. Strong liquids become fragile liquids on compression. In some cases, such conversions occur during cooling by a weak first-order transition. This behavior can be related to the polymorphism in a glass state through a recent simple modification of the van der Waals model for tetrahedrally bonded liquids. The sudden loss of some liquid degrees of freedom through such first-order transitions is suggestive of the polyamorphic transition between native and denatured hydrated proteins, which can be interpreted as single-chain glass-forming polymers plasticized by water and cross-linked by hydrogen bonds. The onset of a sharp change in d<r2>dT(<r2> is the Debye-Waller factor and T is temperature) in proteins, which is controversially indentified with the glass transition in liquids, is shown to be general for glass formers and observable in computer simulations of strong and fragile ionic liquids, where it proves to be close to the experimental glass transition temperature. The latter may originate in strong anharmonicity in modes ("bosons"), which permits the system to access multiple minima of its configuration space. These modes, the Kauzmann temperature TK, and the fragility of the liquid, may thus be connected.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Universal behavior of the osmotically compressed cell and its analogy to the colloidal glass transition.
E. H. Zhou, X. Trepat, C. Y. Park, G. Lenormand, M. N. Oliver, S. M. Mijailovich, C. Hardin, D. A. Weitz, J. P. Butler, and J. J. Fredberg (2009)
PNAS 106, 10632-10637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Grain boundaries exhibit the dynamics of glass-forming liquids.
H. Zhang, D. J. Srolovitz, J. F. Douglas, and J. A. Warren (2009)
PNAS 106, 7735-7740
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A designed protein as experimental model of primordial folding.
M. Sadqi, E. de Alba, R. Perez-Jimenez, J. M. Sanchez-Ruiz, and V. Munoz (2009)
PNAS 106, 4127-4132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Insights into Phases of Liquid Water from Study of Its Unusual Glass-Forming Properties.
C. A. Angell (2008)
Science 319, 582-587
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimation of critical exponents from cluster coefficients and the application of this estimation to hard spheres.
E. Eisenberg and A. Baram (2007)
PNAS 104, 5755-5758
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: The violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water.
S.-H. Chen, F. Mallamace, C.-Y. Mou, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, A. Faraone, and L. Liu (2006)
PNAS 103, 12974-12978
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Observation of fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover in protein hydration water.
S.-H. Chen, L. Liu, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Faraone, and E. Mamontov (2006)
PNAS 103, 9012-9016
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Space-time thermodynamics of the glass transition.
M. Merolle, J. P. Garrahan, and D. Chandler (2005)
PNAS 102, 10837-10840
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural Relaxation of Polymer Glasses at Surfaces, Interfaces, and In Between.
R. D. Priestley, C. J. Ellison, L. J. Broadbelt, and J. M. Torkelson (2005)
Science 309, 456-459
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chemical Theory and Computation Special Feature: Molecular dynamics studies of heterogeneous dynamics and dynamic crossover in supercooled atomic liquids.
H. C. Andersen (2005)
PNAS 102, 6686-6691
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical-Like Phenomena Associated with Liquid-Liquid Transition in a Molecular Liquid.
R. Kurita and H. Tanaka (2004)
Science 306, 845-848
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Is the Fragility of a Liquid Embedded in the Properties of Its Glass?.
T. Scopigno, G. Ruocco, F. Sette, and G. Monaco (2003)
Science 302, 849-852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Solvent-Free Electrolytes with Aqueous Solution-Like Conductivities.
W. Xu and C. A. Angell (2003)
Science 302, 422-425
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Conformational Dynamics Probed by Single-Molecule Electron Transfer.
H. Yang, G. Luo, P. Karnchanaphanurach, T.-M. Louie, I. Rech, S. Cova, L. Xun, and X. S. Xie (2003)
Science 302, 262-266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coarse-grained microscopic model of glass formers.
J. P. Garrahan and D. Chandler (2003)
PNAS 100, 9710-9714
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Glassy States in a Simple Model System.
K. N. Pham, A. M. Puertas, J. Bergenholtz, S. U. Egelhaaf, A. Moussaid, P. N. Pusey, A. B. Schofield, M. E. Cates, M. Fuchs, and W. C. K. Poon (2002)
Science 296, 104-106
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Glass Transition of Water, Based on Hyperquenching Experiments.
V. Velikov, S. Borick, and C. A. Angell (2001)
Science 294, 2335-2338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Microscopic Basis for the Global Appearance of Energy Landscapes.
D. J. Wales (2001)
Science 293, 2067-2070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A molecular dynamics study of the glass transition in CaAl2Si2O8: Thermodynamics and tracer diffusion.
N. A. Morgan and F. J. Spera (2001)
American Mineralogist 86, 915-926
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nonglassy kinetics in the folding of a simple single-domain protein.
B. Gillespie and K. W. Plaxco (2000)
PNAS 97, 12014-12019
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three-Dimensional Direct Imaging of Structural Relaxation Near the Colloidal Glass Transition.
E. R. Weeks, J. C. Crocker, A. C. Levitt, A. Schofield, and D. A. Weitz (2000)
Science 287, 627-631
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Direct Observation of Dynamical Heterogeneities in Colloidal Hard-Sphere Suspensions.
W. K. Kegel and a. A. van Blaaderen (2000)
Science 287, 290-293
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Chain entropy: Spoiler or benefactor in pattern recognition?.
M. Muthukumar (1999)
PNAS 96, 11690-11692
   Full Text »    PDF »
Al Coordination Changes in High-Pressure Aluminosilicate Liquids.
J. L. Yarger, K. H. Smith, R. A. Nieman, J. Diefenbacher, G. H. Wolf, B. T. Poe, and P. F. McMillan (1995)
Science 270, 1964-1967
   Abstract »    PDF »
Optical Microfabrication of Chalcogenide Glasses.
H. Hisakuni and K. Tanaka (1995)
Science 270, 974-975
   Abstract »    PDF »
Protein reaction kinetics in a room-temperature glass.
S. Hagen, J Hofrichter, and W. Eaton (1995)
Science 269, 959-962
   Abstract »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)