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Science 20 January 1995:
Vol. 267. no. 5196, pp. 381 - 383
DOI: 10.1126/science.7824936

Articles

Science, Vol 267, Issue 5196, 381-383
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Activation of RET as a dominant transforming gene by germline mutations of MEN2A and MEN2B

M Santoro, F Carlomagno, A Romano, DP Bottaro, NA Dathan, M Grieco, A Fusco, G Vecchio, B Matoskova, MH Kraus, and al. et

Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B (MEN2A and MEN2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma are dominantly inherited cancer syndromes. All three syndromes are associated with mutations in RET, which encodes a receptor-like tyrosine kinase. The altered RET alleles were shown to be transforming genes in NIH 3T3 cells as a consequence of constitutive activation of the RET kinase. The MEN2A mutation resulted in RET dimerization at steady state, whereas the MEN2B mutation altered RET catalytic properties both quantitatively and qualitatively. Oncogenic conversion of RET in these neoplastic syndromes establishes germline transmission of dominant transforming genes in human cancer.


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Expression Profiles Provide Insights into Early Malignant Potential and Skeletal Abnormalities in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Syndrome Tumors.
S. Jain, M. A. Watson, M. K. DeBenedetti, Y. Hiraki, J. F. Moley, and J. Milbrandt (2004)
Cancer Res. 64, 3907-3913
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Biological Effects of the Dual Phenotypic Janus Mutation of ret Cosegregating with Both Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 and Hirschsprung's Disease.
E. Arighi, A. Popsueva, D. Degl'Innocenti, M. G. Borrello, C. Carniti, N. M. Perala, M. A. Pierotti, and H. Sariola (2004)
Mol. Endocrinol. 18, 1004-1017
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A truncated HMGA1 gene induces proliferation of the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytic cells: a model of human lipomas.
G. M. Pierantoni, S. Battista, F. Pentimalli, M. Fedele, R. Visone, A. Federico, M. Santoro, G. Viglietto, and A. Fusco (2003)
Carcinogenesis 24, 1861-1869
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Germline Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit D Mutation Segregating with Familial Non-RET C Cell Hyperplasia.
J. Lima, J. Teixeira-Gomes, P. Soares, V. Maximo, M. Honavar, D. Williams, and M. Sobrinho-Simoes (2003)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 4932-4937
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp-2 Mediates Intracellular Signaling Initiated by Ret Mutants.
A. D'Alessio, D. Califano, M. Incoronato, G. Santelli, T. Florio, G. Schettini, M. S. Carlomagno, L. Cerchia, and V. de Franciscis (2003)
Endocrinology 144, 4298-4305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CEP-701 and CEP-751 Inhibit Constitutively Activated RET Tyrosine Kinase Activity and Block Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Growth.
C. J. Strock, J.-I. Park, M. Rosen, C. Dionne, B. Ruggeri, S. Jones-Bolin, S. R. Denmeade, D. W. Ball, and B. D. Nelkin (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 5559-5563
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single nucleotide polymorphic alleles in the 5' region of the RET proto-oncogene define a risk haplotype in Hirschsprung's disease.
M Sancandi, P Griseri, B Pesce, G Patrone, F Puppo, M Lerone, G Martucciello, G Romeo, R Ravazzolo, M Devoto, et al. (2003)
J. Med. Genet. 40, 714-718
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Pheochromocytoma: The Expanding Genetic Differential Diagnosis.
J. Bryant, J. Farmer, L. J. Kessler, R. R. Townsend, and K. L. Nathanson (2003)
J Natl Cancer Inst 95, 1196-1204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RET/PTC (Rearranged in Transformation/Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas) Tyrosine Kinase Phosphorylates and Activates Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase 1 (PDK1): An Alternative Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Independent Pathway to Activate PDK1.
D. W. Kim, J. H. Hwang, J. M. Suh, H. Kim, J. H. Song, E. S. Hwang, I. Y. Hwang, K. C. Park, H. K. Chung, J. M. Kim, et al. (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1382-1394
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RET Codon 634 Mutations in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2: Variable Clinical Features and Clinical Outcome.
M. K. Punales, H. Graf, J. L. Gross, and A. L. Maia (2003)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 2644-2649
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Autoinhibition of the Kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase by the Cytosolic Juxtamembrane Region.
P. M. Chan, S. Ilangumaran, J. La Rose, A. Chakrabartty, and R. Rottapel (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 3067-3078
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PP1 Inhibitor Induces Degradation of RETMEN2A and RETMEN2B Oncoproteins through Proteosomal Targeting.
C. Carniti, C. Perego, P. Mondellini, M. A. Pierotti, and I. Bongarzone (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 2234-2243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficient Inhibition of RET/Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Oncogenic Kinases by 4-Amino-5-(4-Chloro-Phenyl)-7-(t-Butyl)Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidine (PP2).
F. Carlomagno, D. Vitagliano, T. Guida, F. Basolo, M. D. Castellone, R. M. Melillo, A. Fusco, and M. Santoro (2003)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 1897-1902
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2: Evaluation of the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship.
L. Yip, G. J. Cote, S. E. Shapiro, G. D. Ayers, C. E. Herzog, R. V. Sellin, S. I. Sherman, R. F. Gagel, J. E. Lee, and D. B. Evans (2003)
Arch Surg 138, 409-416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ZD6474, an Orally Available Inhibitor of KDR Tyrosine Kinase Activity, Efficiently Blocks Oncogenic RET Kinases.
F. Carlomagno, D. Vitagliano, T. Guida, F. Ciardiello, G. Tortora, G. Vecchio, A. J. Ryan, G. Fontanini, A. Fusco, and M. Santoro (2002)
Cancer Res. 62, 7284-7290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Val648Ile Substitution in RET Protooncogene Observed in a Cys634Arg Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Kindred Presenting with an Adrenocorticotropin-Producing Pheochromocytoma.
A. B. Nunes, M. C. L. Ezabella, A. C. Pereira, J. E. Krieger, and S. P. A. Toledo (2002)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 5658-5661
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Neuron-Specific Rai (ShcC) Adaptor Protein Inhibits Apoptosis by Coupling Ret to the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway.
G. Pelicci, F. Troglio, A. Bodini, R. M. Melillo, V. Pettirossi, L. Coda, A. De Giuseppe, M. Santoro, and P. G. Pelicci (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7351-7363
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Dok1 in Cell Signaling Mediated by RET Tyrosine Kinase.
H. Murakami, Y. Yamamura, Y. Shimono, K. Kawai, K. Kurokawa, and M. Takahashi (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 32781-32790
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Gene Expression Induced by RET with MEN2A or MEN2B Mutation.
T. Watanabe, M. Ichihara, M. Hashimoto, K. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Nagasaka, Y. Murakumo, H. Murakami, H. Sugiura, H. Iwata, et al. (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 161, 249-256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Assessment of RET/PTC Oncogene Activation and Clonality in Thyroid Nodules with Incomplete Morphological Evidence of Papillary Carcinoma : A Search for the Early Precursors of Papillary Cancer.
A. Fusco, G. Chiappetta, P. Hui, G. Garcia-Rostan, L. Golden, B. K. Kinder, D. A. Dillon, A. Giuliano, A. M. Cirafici, M. Santoro, et al. (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 160, 2157-2167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pheochromocytoma -- Death of an Axiom.
R. G. Dluhy (2002)
N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 1486-1488
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The Kinase Inhibitor PP1 Blocks Tumorigenesis Induced by RET Oncogenes.
F. Carlomagno, D. Vitagliano, T. Guida, M. Napolitano, G. Vecchio, A. Fusco, A. Gazit, A. Levitzki, and M. Santoro (2002)
Cancer Res. 62, 1077-1082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RET Activation and Clinicopathologic Features in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Tumors.
M. Santoro, M. Papotti, G. Chiappetta, G. Garcia-Rostan, M. Volante, C. Johnson, R. L. Camp, F. Pentimalli, C. Monaco, A. Herrero, et al. (2002)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 370-379
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hirschsprung disease, associated syndromes, and genetics: a review.
J. Amiel and S. Lyonnet (2001)
J. Med. Genet. 38, 729-739
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Sensitivity of Activated Cys Ret Mutants to Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Mandatory To Rescue Neuroectodermic Cells from Apoptosis.
B. Mograbi, R. Bocciardi, I. Bourget, T. Juhel, D. Farahi-Far, G. Romeo, I. Ceccherini, and B. Rossi (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 6719-6730
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Ret Oncogene Activity by the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP1.
A. M. Hennige, R. Lammers, W. Hoppner, D. Arlt, V. Strack, R. Teichmann, F. Machicao, A. Ullrich, H.-U. Haring, and M. Kellerer (2001)
Endocrinology 142, 4441-4447
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oncogenic Mutants of RON and MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Cause Activation of the {beta}-Catenin Pathway.
A. Danilkovitch-Miagkova, A. Miagkov, A. Skeel, N. Nakaigawa, B. Zbar, and E. J. Leonard (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 5857-5868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Germline RET 634 Mutation Positive MEN 2A-related C-Cell Hyperplasias Have Genetic Features Consistent with Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
S. J. Diaz-Cano, M. de Miguel, A. Blanes, R. Tashjian, and H. J. Wolfe (2001)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3948-3957
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Docking Protein FRS2 Links the Protein Tyrosine Kinase RET and Its Oncogenic Forms with the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade.
R. M. Melillo, M. Santoro, S.-H. Ong, M. Billaud, A. Fusco, Y. R. Hadari, J. Schlessinger, and I. Lax (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 4177-4187
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Factor-{{kappa}}B Is Constitutively Active in C-Cell Carcinoma and Required for RET-induced Transformation.
L. Ludwig, H. Kessler, M. Wagner, C. Hoang-Vu, H. Dralle, G. Adler, B. O. Bohm, and R. M. Schmid (2001)
Cancer Res. 61, 4526-4535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Oncological Features and Biochemical Properties.
A. Machens, O. Gimm, R. Hinze, W. Höppner, B. O. Boehm, and H. Dralle (2001)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 1104-1109
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Increased in Vivo Phosphorylation of Ret Tyrosine 1062 Is a Potential Pathogenetic Mechanism of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B.
D. Salvatore, R. M. Melillo, C. Monaco, R. Visconti, G. Fenzi, G. Vecchio, A. Fusco, and M. Santoro (2001)
Cancer Res. 61, 1426-1431
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Loss of Heterozygosity at the RET Protooncogene Locus in a Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A.
L. Quadro, O. Fattoruso, M. P. Cosma, U. Verga, A. Porcellini, A. Libroia, and V. Colantuoni (2001)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 239-244
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and RET: from neoplasia to neurogenesis.
J. R Hansford and L. M Mulligan (2000)
J. Med. Genet. 37, 817-827
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Tyrosines 1015 and 1062 Are in VivoAutophosphorylation Sites in Ret and Ret-Derived Oncoproteins.
D. Salvatore, M. V. Barone, G. Salvatore, R. M. Melillo, G. Chiappetta, A. Mineo, G. Fenzi, G. Vecchio, A. Fusco, and M. Santoro (2000)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 3898-3907
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Rotational Coupling of the Transmembrane and Kinase Domains of the Neu Receptor Tyrosine Kinase.
C. A. Bell, J. A. Tynan, K. C. Hart, A. N. Meyer, S. C. Robertson, and D. J. Donoghue (2000)
Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 3589-3599
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Tissue-specific Carcinogenesis in Transgenic Mice Expressing the RET Proto-Oncogene with a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Mutation.
K. Kawai, T. Iwashita, H. Murakami, N. Hiraiwa, A. Yoshiki, M. Kusakabe, K. Ono, K.-i. Iida, A. Nakayama, and M. Takahashi (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 5254-5260
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Tyrosine 1062 of RET-MEN2A Mediates Activation of Akt (Protein Kinase B) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways Leading to PC12 Cell Survival.
Gabriella De Vita, R. M. Melillo, F. Carlomagno, R. Visconti, M. D. Castellone, A. Bellacosa, M. Billaud, A. Fusco, P. N. Tsichlis, and M. Santoro (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 3727-3731
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Abrogation of Nerve Growth Factor-induced Terminal Differentiation by ret Oncogene Involves Perturbation of Nuclear Translocation of ERK.
G. L. Colucci-D'Amato, A. D'Alessio, D. Califano, G. Cali, C. Rizzo, L. Nitsch, G. Santelli, and V. de Franciscis (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 19306-19314
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Large and diverse numbers of human diseases with HIKE mutations.
F. D. Ciccarelli, A. Acciarito, and S. Alberti (2000)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 9, 1001-1007
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High Levels of Tyrosine Phosphorylated Proto-Ret in Sporadic Pheochromocytomas.
H. Le Hir, L. G. Colucci-D’Amato, N. Charlet-Berguerand, P.-F. Plouin, X. Bertagna, Vittorio de Franciscis, and C. Thermes (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 1365-1370
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Diversity and Frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Human Glioblastomas.
L. Frederick, X.-Y. Wang, G. Eley, and C. D. James (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 1383-1387
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Transforming Ability of MEN2A-RET Requires Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Pathway.
C. Segouffin-Cariou and M. Billaud (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 3568-3576
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Disorders: The Achondroplasia Family of Skeletal Dysplasias, Muenke Craniosynostosis, and Crouzon Syndrome with Acanthosis Nigricans.
Z. Vajo, C. A. Francomano, and D. J. Wilkin (2000)
Endocr. Rev. 21, 23-39
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Ultraviolet Light Induces Redox Reaction-mediated Dimerization and Superactivation of Oncogenic Ret Tyrosine Kinases.
M. Kato, T. Iwashita, K. Takeda, A. A. Akhand, W. Liu, M. Yoshihara, N. Asai, H. Suzuki, M. Takahashi, and I. Nakashima (2000)
Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 93-101
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Sympathoadrenal Hyperplasia Causes Renal Malformations in RetMEN2B-Transgenic Mice.
C. Gestblom, D. A. Sweetser, B. Doggett, and R. P. Kapur (1999)
Am. J. Pathol. 155, 2167-2179
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Associated with Two de Novo Mutations of the RETProtooncogene.
A. Tessitore, A. A. Sinisi, D. Pasquali, M. Cardone, D. Vitale, A. Bellastella, and V. Colantuoni (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 3522-3527
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The Role of Amino Acids Surrounding Tyrosine 1062 in Ret in Specific Binding of the Shc Phosphotyrosine-Binding Domain.
Y. Ishiguro, T. Iwashita, H. Murakami, N. Asai, K.-i. Iida, H. Goto, T. Hayakawa, and M. Takahashi (1999)
Endocrinology 140, 3992-3998
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Hammerhead Ribozyme-mediated Inactivation of Mutant RET in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.
R. Parthasarathy, G. J. Cote, and R. F. Gagel (1999)
Cancer Res. 59, 3911-3914
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: implications for treatment.
V V Smith, C Eng, and P J Milla (1999)
Gut 45, 143-146
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel 9-Base Pair Duplication in RET Exon 8 in Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.
P. Pigny, C. Bauters, J.-L. Wemeau, M. Lecomte Houcke, M. Crepin, P. Caron, S. Giraud, A. Calender, M.-P. Buisine, J.-P. Kerckaert, et al. (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 1700-1704
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Ret-mediated Mitogenesis Requires Src Kinase Activity.
R. M. Melillo, M. V. Barone, G. Lupoli, A. M. Cirafici, F. Carlomagno, R. Visconti, B. Matoskova, P. P. Di Fiore, G. Vecchio, A. Fusco, et al. (1999)
Cancer Res. 59, 1120-1126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dominant effects of RET receptor misexpression and ligand-independent RET signaling on ureteric bud development.
S Srinivas, Z Wu, C. Chen, V D'Agati, and F Costantini (1999)
Development 126, 1375-1386
   Abstract »    PDF »
RET Proto-Oncogene in the Development of Human Cancer.
C. Eng (1999)
J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 380
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Activating Mutation in the Kit Receptor Abolishes the Stroma Requirement for Growth of ELM Erythroleukemia Cells, But Does Not Prevent Their Differentiation in Response to Erythropoietin.
N. R. Leslie, J. O'Prey, C. Bartholomew, and P. R. Harrison (1998)
Blood 92, 4798-4807
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Uncoupling signal transducers from oncogenic MET mutants abrogates cell transformation and inhibits invasive growth.
A. Bardelli, P. Longati, D. Gramaglia, C. Basilico, L. Tamagnone, S. Giordano, D. Ballinari, P. Michieli, and P. M. Comoglio (1998)
PNAS 95, 14379-14383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oncological implications of RET gene mutations in Hirschsprung's disease.
R H Sijmons, R M W Hofstra, F A Wijburg, T P Links, R P Zwierstra, A Vermey, D C Aronson, G Tan-Sindhunata, G J Brouwers-Smalbraak, S M Maas, et al. (1998)
Gut 43, 542-547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Stimulates Ret Mutants Associated with the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Syndromes and Hirschsprung's Disease.
F. Carlomagno, R. M. Melillo, R. Visconti, G. Salvatore, G. De Vita, G. Lupoli, Y. Yu, S. Jing, G. Vecchio, A. Fusco, et al. (1998)
Endocrinology 139, 3613-3619
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Mutations in the Extracellular Domain Cause RET Loss of Function by a Dominant Negative Mechanism.
M. P. Cosma, M. Cardone, F. Carlomagno, and V. Colantuoni (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3321-3329
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Activating mutations in the extracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 function by disruption of the disulfide bond in the third immunoglobulin-like domain.
S. C. Robertson, A. N. Meyer, K. C. Hart, B. D. Galvin, M. K. Webster, and D. J. Donoghue (1998)
PNAS 95, 4567-4572
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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by RET Oncoproteins in PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells.
S. Xing, T. L. Furminger, Q. Tong, and S. M. Jhiang (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4909-4914
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Risk and Penetrance of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Families with Mutations at Codon 634 of the RET Proto-Oncogene.
I. Schuffenecker, M. Virally-Monod, R. Brohet, D. Goldgar, B. Conte-Devolx, L. Leclerc, O. Chabre, A. Boneu, J. Caron, C. Houdent, et al. (1998)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 487-491
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GFRalpha -2 and GFRalpha -3 Are Two New Receptors for Ligands of the GDNF Family.
S. Jing, Y. Yu, M. Fang, Z. Hu, P. L. Holst, T. Boone, J. Delaney, H. Schultz, R. Zhou, and G. M. Fox (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 33111-33117
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activating mutations for the Met tyrosine kinase receptor in human cancer.
M. Jeffers, L. Schmidt, N. Nakaigawa, C. P. Webb, G. Weirich, T. Kishida, B. Zbar, and G. F. Vande Woude (1997)
PNAS 94, 11445-11450
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Leucine Zipper-mediated Dimerization Is Essential for the PTC1 Oncogenic Activity.
Q. Tong, S. Xing, and S. M. Jhiang (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 9043-9047
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of medullary thyroid carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the RET protooncogene altered by a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation.
F.-M. Michiels, S. Chappuis, B. Caillou, A. Pasini, M. Talbot, R. Monier, G. M. Lenoir, J. Feunteun, and M. Billaud (1997)
PNAS 94, 3330-3335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Only the Substitution of Methionine 918 with a Threonine and Not with Other Residues Activates RET Transforming Potential.
A. M. Cirafici, G. Salvatore, G. De Vita, F. Carlomagno, N. A. Dathan, R. Visconti, R. M. Melillo, A. Fusco, and M. Santoro (1997)
Endocrinology 138, 1450-1455
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



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