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Science 2 December 1994: Vol. 266. no. 5190, pp. 1524 - 1527 DOI: 10.1126/science.7985022
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Articles
Science, Vol 266, Issue 5190, 1524-1527
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor
KS Korach
Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Estrogen hormones produce physiological actions within a variety of target sites in the body and during development by activating a specific receptor protein. Hormone responsiveness for the estrogen receptor protein was investigated at different stages of development with the use of gene knockout techniques because no natural genetic mutants have been described. A mutant mouse line without a functional estrogen receptor was created and is being used to assess estrogen responsiveness. Both sexes of these mutant animals are infertile and show a variety of phenotypic changes, some of which are associated with the gonads, mammary glands, reproductive tracts, and skeletal tissues.
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- Comparative Analyses of Mechanistic Differences Among Antiestrogens.
- A. L. Wijayaratne, S. C. Nagel, L. A. Paige, D. J. Christensen, J. D. Norris, D. M. Fowlkes, and D. P. McDonnell (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 5828-5840
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- Underdeveloped uterus and reduced estrogen responsiveness in mice with disruption of the estrogen-responsive finger protein gene, which is a direct target of estrogen receptor alpha.
- A. Orimo, S. Inoue, O. Minowa, N. Tominaga, Y. Tomioka, M. Sato, J. Kuno, H. Hiroi, Y. Shimizu, M. Suzuki, et al. (1999)
PNAS
96, 12027-12032
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- Adrenal Androgens Stimulate the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells as Direct Activators of Estrogen Receptor {{alpha}}.
- M. Maggiolini, O. Donze, E. Jeannin, S. Ando, and D. Picard (1999)
Cancer Res.
59, 4864-4869
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- Estrogen Receptor Polymorphism Predicts the Onset of Natural and Surgical Menopause.
- A. E. A. M. Weel, A. G. Uitterlinden, I. C. D. Westendorp, H. Burger, S. C. E. Schuit, A. Hofman, T. J. M. Helmerhorst, J. P. T. M. van Leeuwen, and H. A. P. Pols (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
84, 3146-3150
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- Chronic Hypersecretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Transgenic Mice Selectively Alters Responsiveness of the {alpha}-Subunit Gene to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estrogens.
- R. A. Abbud, R. K. Ameduri, J. S. Rao, T. M. Nett, and J. H. Nilson (1999)
Mol. Endocrinol.
13, 1449-1459
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- Association of oestrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with outcome of ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing IVF.
- C. Sundarrajan, W.-X. Liao, A.C. Roy, and S.C. Ng (1999)
Mol. Hum. Reprod.
5, 797-802
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- Studies on the Potential Mediators of Skeletal Changes Occurring during Puberty in Girls.
- C. Libanati, D. J. Baylink, E. Lois-Wenzel, N. Srinivasan, and S. Mohan (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
84, 2807-2814
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- Expression of oestrogen receptor-{alpha} and -{beta} in ovarian endometriomata.
- J. Fujimoto, R. Hirose, H. Sakaguchi, and T. Tamaya (1999)
Mol. Hum. Reprod.
5, 742-747
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- Expression and Hormonal Regulation of the Sox4 Gene in Mouse Female Reproductive Tissues.
- S. M.N. Hunt and C. L. Clarke (1999)
Biol Reprod
61, 476-481
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- Binding Characteristics of Estrogen Receptor (ER) in Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Testis: Different Affinity for Estrogens and Xenobiotics from that of Hepatic ER.
- A. K. Loomis and P. Thomas (1999)
Biol Reprod
61, 51-60
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- Estrogen Actions in the Central Nervous System.
- B. S. McEwen and S. E. Alves (1999)
Endocr. Rev.
20, 279-307
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- Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us?.
- J. F. Couse and K. S. Korach (1999)
Endocr. Rev.
20, 358-417
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- The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in the Central Nervous System.
- B. S. McEwen (1999)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
84, 1790-1797
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- Expression of Estrogen Receptor-{beta} Protein in Rodent Ovary.
- S. L. Fitzpatrick, J. M. Funkhouser, D. M. Sindoni, P. E. Stevis, D. C. Deecher, A. R. Bapat, I. Merchenthaler, and D. E. Frail (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 2581-2591
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- Differential Regulation and Action of Estrogen Receptors {alpha} and {beta} in GH3 Cells.
- N. A. Mitchner, C. Garlick, R. W. Steinmetz, and N. Ben-Jonathan (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 2651-2658
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- P/CAF associates with cyclin D1 and potentiates its activation of the estrogen receptor.
- C. McMahon, T. Suthiphongchai, J. DiRenzo, and M. E. Ewen (1999)
PNAS
96, 5382-5387
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- Disruption of estrogen signaling does not prevent progesterone action in the estrogen receptor alpha knockout mouse uterus.
- S. W. Curtis, J. Clark, P. Myers, and K. S. Korach (1999)
PNAS
96, 3646-3651
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- Editorial: Genetic Regulation of Estrogen Responsiveness.
- J. W. Pollard (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 553-555
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- Rapid Action of 17{beta}-Estradiol on Kainate-Induced Currents in Hippocampal Neurons Lacking Intracellular Estrogen Receptors.
- Q. Gu, K. S. Korach, and R. L. Moss (1999)
Endocrinology
140, 660-666
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