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Science 14 October 1994:
Vol. 266. no. 5183, pp. 294 - 298
DOI: 10.1126/science.7939669
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Articles

Science, Vol 266, Issue 5183, 294-298
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging

NC Andreasen, S Arndt, V Swayze 2nd, T Cizadlo, M Flaum, D O'Leary, JC Ehrhardt, and WT Yuh

Mental Health Clinical Research Center, College of Medicine.

Schizophrenia is a complex illness characterized by multiple types of symptoms involving many aspects of cognition and emotion. Most efforts to identify its underlying neural substrates have focused on a strategy that relates a single symptom to a single brain region. An alternative hypothesis, that the variety of symptoms could be explained by a lesion in midline neural circuits mediating attention and information processing, is explored. Magnetic resonance images from patients and controls were transformed with a "bounding box" to produce an "average schizophrenic brain" and an "average normal brain." After image subtraction of the two averages, the areas of difference were displayed as an effect size map. Specific regional abnormalities were observed in the thalamus and adjacent white matter. An abnormality in the thalamus and related circuitry explains the diverse symptoms of schizophrenia parsimoniously because they could all result from a defect in filtering or gating sensory input, which is one of the primary functions of the thalamus in the human brain.


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Subnucleus-specific loss of neurons in medial thalamus of schizophrenics.
G. J. Popken, W. E. Bunney Jr., S. G. Potkin, and E. G. Jones (2000)
PNAS 97, 9276-9280
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)