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Science 23 September 1994:
Vol. 265. no. 5180, pp. 1826 - 1831
DOI: 10.1126/science.8091209
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Articles

Science, Vol 265, Issue 5180, 1826-1831
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control

AM Graybiel, T Aosaki, AW Flaherty, and M Kimura

Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.

The basal ganglia are neural structures within the motor and cognitive control circuits in the mammalian forebrain and are interconnected with the neocortex by multiple loops. Dysfunction in these parallel loops caused by damage to the striatum results in major defects in voluntary movement, exemplified in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These parallel loops have a distributed modular architecture resembling local expert architectures of computational learning models. During sensorimotor learning, such distributed networks may be coordinated by widely spaced striatal interneurons that acquire response properties on the basis of experienced reward.


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Local Release of GABAergic Inhibition in the Motor Cortex Induces Immediate-Early Gene Expression in Indirect Pathway Neurons of the Striatum.
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