Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 26 August 1994:
Vol. 265. no. 5176, pp. 1193 - 1201
DOI: 10.1126/science.7915048
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 265, Issue 5176, 1193-1201
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Kin selection, social structure, gene flow, and the evolution of chimpanzees

PA Morin, JJ Moore, R Chakraborty, L Jin, J Goodall, and DS Woodruff

Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116.

Hypotheses about chimpanzee social behavior, phylogeography, and evolution were evaluated by noninvasive genotyping of free-ranging individuals from 20 African sites. Degrees of relatedness among individuals in one community were inferred from allele-sharing at eight nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Males are related on the order of half-siblings, and homozygosity is significantly increased at several SSR loci compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. These data support the kin-selection hypothesis for the evolution of cooperation among males. Sequence variation patterns at two mitochondrial loci indicate historically high long-distance gene flow and clarify the relationships among three allopatric subspecies. The unexpectedly large genetic distance between the western subspecies, Pan troglodytes verus, and the other two subspecies suggests a divergence time of about 1.58 million years. This result, if confirmed at nuclear loci and supported by eco-behavioral data, implies that P. t. verus should be elevated to full species rank.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Parentage and Sibship Inference From Multilocus Genotype Data Under Polygamy.
J. Wang and A. W. Santure (2009)
Genetics 181, 1579-1594
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Patterns of Diversity in HIV-Related Loci among Subspecies of Chimpanzee: Concordance at CCR5 and Differences at CXCR4 and CX3CR1.
T.S. MacFie, E. Nerrienet, N.G. de Groot, R.E. Bontrop, and N.I. Mundy (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 719-727
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The role of Pleistocene refugia and rivers in shaping gorilla genetic diversity in central Africa.
N. M. Anthony, M. Johnson-Bawe, K. Jeffery, S. L. Clifford, K. A. Abernethy, C. E. Tutin, S. A. Lahm, L. J. T. White, J. F. Utley, E. J. Wickings, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 20432-20436
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Phylogenetic analyses of behavior support existence of culture among wild chimpanzees.
S. J. Lycett, M. Collard, and W. C. McGrew (2007)
PNAS 104, 17588-17592
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: The limited impact of kinship on cooperation in wild chimpanzees.
K. E. Langergraber, J. C. Mitani, and L. Vigilant (2007)
PNAS 104, 7786-7790
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Complex Evolutionary History of Gorillas: Insights from Genomic Data.
O Thalmann, A Fischer, F Lankester, S Paabo, and L Vigilant (2007)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 146-158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Noninvasive Genotyping and Mendelian Analysis of Microsatellites in African Savannah Elephants.
J. B. A. Okello, G. Wittemyer, H. B. Rasmussen, I. Douglas-Hamilton, S. Nyakaana, P. Arctander, and H. R. Siegismund (2005)
J. Hered. 96, 679-687
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution of human-chimpanzee differences in malaria susceptibility: Relationship to human genetic loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
M. J. Martin, J. C. Rayner, P. Gagneux, J. W. Barnwell, and A. Varki (2005)
PNAS 102, 12819-12824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reduced MIC Gene Repertoire Variation in West African Chimpanzees as Compared to Humans.
N. G. de Groot, C. A. Garcia, E. J. Verschoor, G. G. M. Doxiadis, S. G. E. Marsh, N. Otting, and R. E. Bontrop (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1375-1385
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Chimpanzees.
P. M. Sharp, G. M. Shaw, and B. H. Hahn (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 3891-3902
   Full Text »    PDF »
Divergence Population Genetics of Chimpanzees.
Y.-J. Won and J. Hey (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 297-307
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Wild-Caught Chimpanzees from Cameroon.
E. Nerrienet, M. L. Santiago, Y. Foupouapouognigni, E. Bailes, N. I. Mundy, B. Njinku, A. Kfutwah, M. C. Muller-Trutwin, F. Barre-Sinoussi, G. M. Shaw, et al. (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 1312-1319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for a Complex Demographic History of Chimpanzees.
A. Fischer, V. Wiebe, S. Paabo, and M. Przeworski (2004)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 799-808
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Morphometrics and hominoid phylogeny: Support for a chimpanzee-human clade and differentiation among great ape subspecies.
C. A. Lockwood, W. H. Kimbel, and J. M. Lynch (2004)
PNAS 101, 4356-4360
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Frequent Simian Foamy Virus Infection in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Nonhuman Primates.
W. M. Switzer, V. Bhullar, V. Shanmugam, M.-e. Cong, B. Parekh, N. W. Lerche, J. L. Yee, J. J. Ely, R. Boneva, L. E. Chapman, et al. (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 2780-2789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nucleotide Diversity in Gorillas.
N. Yu, M. I. Jensen-Seaman, L. Chemnick, O. Ryder, and W.-H. Li (2004)
Genetics 166, 1375-1383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low Nucleotide Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos.
N. Yu, M. I. Jensen-Seaman, L. Chemnick, J. R. Kidd, A. S. Deinard, O. Ryder, K. K. Kidd, and W.-H. Li (2003)
Genetics 164, 1511-1518
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Foci of Endemic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Wild-Living Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).
M. L. Santiago, M. Lukasik, S. Kamenya, Y. Li, F. Bibollet-Ruche, E. Bailes, M. N. Muller, M. Emery, D. A. Goldenberg, J. S. Lwanga, et al. (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 7545-7562
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amplification of a Complete Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Genome from Fecal RNA of a Wild Chimpanzee.
M. L. Santiago, F. Bibollet-Ruche, E. Bailes, S. Kamenya, M. N. Muller, M. Lukasik, A. E. Pusey, D. A. Collins, R. W. Wrangham, J. Goodall, et al. (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 2233-2242
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effect of Differential Reproductive Success on Population Genetic Structure: Correlations of Life History With Matrilines in Humpback Whales of the Gulf of Maine.
H. C. Rosenbaum, M. T. Weinrich, S. A. Stoleson, J. P. Gibbs, C. S. Baker, and R. DeSalle (2002)
J. Hered. 93, 389-399
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for an ancient selective sweep in the MHC class I gene repertoire of chimpanzees.
N. G. de Groot, N. Otting, G. G. M. Doxiadis, S. S. Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, J. L. Heeney, J. J. van Rood, P. Gagneux, and R. E. Bontrop (2002)
PNAS 99, 11748-11753
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial Sequence Diversity Within a Subspecies of Savanna Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) Is Similar to That Between Subspecies.
M. K. Shimada, K. Terao, and T. Shotake (2002)
J. Hered. 93, 9-18
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparison of Chimpanzee and Human Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptor Genes Reveals Framework and Rapidly Evolving Genes.
F. Canavez, N. T. Young, L. A. Guethlein, R. Rajalingam, S. I. Khakoo, B. P. Shum, and P. Parham (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 5786-5794
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modern African Ape Populations as Genetic and Demographic Models of the Last Common Ancestor of Humans, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas.
M. I. Jensen-Seaman, A. S. Deinard, and K. K. Kidd (2001)
J. Hered. 92, 475-480
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Sequence Diversity of Hominoids.
R. Noda, C. G. Kim, O. Takenaka, R. E. Ferrell, T. Tanoue, I. Hayasaka, S. Ueda, T. Ishida, and N. Saitou (2001)
J. Hered. 92, 490-496
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel, Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecule Specific to the Common Chimpanzee.
E. J. Adams, S. Cooper, and P. Parham (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 3858-3869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel gamma 2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Chimpanzees.
V. Lacoste, P. Mauclere, G. Dubreuil, J. Lewis, M.-C. Georges-Courbot, and A. Gessain (2001)
Genome Res. 11, 1511-1519
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
2000 Fleming Lecture. The origin and evolution of hepatitis viruses in humans.
P. Simmonds (2001)
J. Gen. Virol. 82, 693-712
   Abstract »    Full Text »
AIDS as a Zoonosis: Scientific and Public Health Implications.
B. H. Hahn, G. M. Shaw, K. M. De, Cock, and P. M. Sharp (2000)
Science 287, 607-614
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Chimpanzees as Original Source for HIV.
T. M. Folks (2000)
JAMA 283, 310
   Full Text »    PDF »
env Sequences of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses from Chimpanzees in Cameroon Are Strongly Related to Those of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Group N from the Same Geographic Area.
S. Corbet, M. C. Müller-Trutwin, P. Versmisse, S. Delarue, A. Ayouba, J. Lewis, S. Brunak, P. Martin, F. Brun-Vezinet, F. Simon, et al. (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 529-534
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Extensive Nuclear DNA Sequence Diversity Among Chimpanzees.
H. Kaessmann, V. Wiebe, and S. Pääbo (1999)
Science 286, 1159-1162
   Abstract »    Full Text »
TT viruses (TTV) of non-human primates and their relationship to the human TTV genotypes.
E. J. Verschoor, S. Langenhuijzen, and J. L. Heeney (1999)
J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2491-2499
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Structural Constraints on RNA Virus Evolution.
P. Simmonds and D. B. Smith (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 5787-5794
   Abstract »    Full Text »
DNA sequence of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen.
M. Krings, H. Geisert, R. W. Schmitz, H. Krainitzki, and S. Paabo (1999)
PNAS 96, 5581-5585
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial sequences show diverse evolutionary histories of African hominoids.
P. Gagneux, C. Wills, U. Gerloff, D. Tautz, P. A. Morin, C. Boesch, B. Fruth, G. Hohmann, O. A. Ryder, and D. S. Woodruff (1999)
PNAS 96, 5077-5082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Departure from Neutrality at the Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Gene in Humans, but Not in Chimpanzees.
(1998)
Genetics 148, 409-422
The human genome project and molecular anthropology..
M Stoneking (1997)
Genome Res. 7, 87-91
   PDF »
Homoplasy for size at microsatellite loci in humans and chimpanzees..
J C Garza and N B Freimer (1996)
Genome Res. 6, 211-217
   Abstract »    PDF »
Chimpanzee kinship.
C. Jolly, J. Oates, and T. Disotell (1995)
Science 268, 185-188
   PDF »
Decoding chimp genes and lives.
V Morell (1994)
Science 265, 1172-1173
   PDF »
High levels of Y-chromosome nucleotide diversity in the genus Pan.
A. C. Stone, R. C. Griffiths, S. L. Zegura, and M. F. Hammer (2002)
PNAS 99, 43-48
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Paternity and relatedness in wild chimpanzee communities.
L. Vigilant, M. Hofreiter, H. Siedel, and C. Boesch (2001)
PNAS 98, 12890-12895
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)