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Science 29 July 1994:
Vol. 265. no. 5172, pp. 635 - 639
DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5172.635
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Articles

A Formation Mechanism for Catalytically Grown Helix-Shaped Graphite Nanotubes

S. Amelinckx 1, X. B. Zhang 1, D. Bernaerts 1, X. F. Zhang 1, V. Ivanov 2, and J. B. Nagy 2

1 EMAT, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
2 ISIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium

The concept of a spatial-velocity hodograph is introduced to describe quantitatively the extrusion of a carbon tubule from a catalytic particle. The conditions under which a continuous tubular surface can be generated are discussed in terms of this hodograph, the shape of which determines the geometry of the initial nanotube. The model is consistent with all observed tubular shapes and explains why the formation process induces stresses that may lead to "spontaneous" plastic deformation of the tubule. This result is due to the violation of the continuity condition, that is, to the mismatch between the extrusion velocity by the catalytic particle, required to generate a continuous tubular surface, and the rate of carbon deposition.

Submitted on April 4, 1994
Accepted on June 6, 1994


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