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Science 22 April 1994:
Vol. 264. no. 5158, pp. 553 - 556
DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5158.553
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Articles

Quantum Cascade Laser

Jerome Faist 1, Federico Capasso 1, Deborah L. Sivco 1, Carlo Sirtori 1, Albert L. Hutchinson 1, and Alfred Y. Cho 1

1 AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.

A semiconductor injection laser that differs in a fundamental way from diode lasers has been demonstrated. It is built out of quantum semiconductor structures that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and designed by band structure engineering. Electrons streaming down a potential staircase sequentially emit photons at the steps. The steps consist of coupled quantum wells in which population inversion between discrete conduction band excited states is achieved by control of tunneling. A strong narrowing of the emission spectrum, above threshold, provides direct evidence of laser action at a wavelength of 4.2 micrometers with peak powers in excess of 8 milliwatts in pulsed operation. In quantum cascade lasers, the wavelength, entirely determined by quantum confinement, can be tailored from the mid-infrared to the submillimeter wave region in the same heterostructure material.

Submitted on February 14, 1994
Accepted on February 28, 1994


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