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Science 15 April 1994: Vol. 264. no. 5157, pp. 375 - 382 DOI: 10.1126/science.8153624
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Articles
Science, Vol 264, Issue 5157, 375-382
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes
J Davies
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a phenomenon of concern to the clinician and the pharmaceutical industry, as it is the major cause of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. The most common mechanism of resistance in pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics of the aminoglycoside, beta-lactam (penicillins and cephalosporins), and chloramphenicol types involves the enzymic inactivation of the antibiotic by hydrolysis or by formation of inactive derivatives. Such resistance determinants most probably were acquired by pathogenic bacteria from a pool of resistance genes in other microbial genera, including antibiotic-producing organisms. The resistance gene sequences were subsequently integrated by site-specific recombination into several classes of naturally occurring gene expression cassettes (typically "integrons") and disseminated within the microbial population by a variety of gene transfer mechanisms. Although bacterial conjugation once was believed to be restricted in host range, it now appears that this mechanism of transfer permits genetic exchange between many different bacterial genera in nature.
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